Tweet
Ï┤┘àÏ│ Ϻ┘äÏÑÏ│┘äϺ┘à ϬÏ│ÏÀÏ╣ Ï╣┘ä┘ë ┘çÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘è┘ê┘äϺ ..Ϻ┘äÏ¡┘ä┘é┘ç Ϻ┘äϺ┘ê┘ä┘ë ..σσ
Ï┤┘àÏ│ Ϻ┘äÏÑÏ│┘äϺ┘à ϬÏ│ÏÀÏ╣ Ï╣┘ä┘ë ┘çÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘è┘ê┘äϺ ..Ϻ┘äÏ¡┘ä┘é┘ç Ϻ┘äϺ┘ê┘ä┘ë ..σσ
┘ä┘éÏ» ÏÂÏ▒Ï¿ Ϻ┘äÏÑÏ│┘äϺ┘à ϿϼÏ░┘êÏ▒┘ç Ï┤Ï▒┘éϺ┘ï ┘êÏ║Ï▒ϿϺ┘ï,┘â┘àϺ ÏúÏ┤Ï▒┘éϬ Ï┤┘àÏ│┘ç Ï│ϺÏÀÏ╣Ï® ┘ü┘åÏ┤Ï▒Ϭ ┘å┘êÏ▒┘çϺ Ï╣┘ä┘ë ┘âϺ┘üÏ® ÏúÏ▒ϼϺÏí Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ╣┘à┘êÏ▒Ï® ┘ü┘àϺ ┘à┘å Ï»┘ê┘äÏ® Ïú┘ê ϼÏ▓┘èÏ▒Ï® ┘âÏ¿Ï▒ ϡϼ┘à┘çϺ Ïú┘ê ÏÁÏ║Ï▒ ÏÑ┘äϺ ┘êÏ¿┘çϺ ┘àÏ│┘ä┘à ┘è┘é┘è┘à Ï╣┘é┘èϻϮ Ϻ┘äϬ┘êÏ¡┘èÏ» Ϻ┘äÏ║Ï▒ϺÏí. ┘ü┘ä┘à Ϭ┘é┘ü Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ│Ϻ┘üϺϬ Ϻ┘äÏ┤ϺÏ│Ï╣Ï® ┘ê┘äϺ Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ¡┘èÏÀϺϬ Ϻ┘ä┘êϺÏ│Ï╣Ï® Ï╣┘éÏ¿Ï® ┘ü┘è Ï│Ï¿┘è┘ä Ϻ┘àϬϻϺϻ Ϻ┘äÏÑÏ│┘äϺ┘àÏî ┘ü┘ä┘ç ÏÁ┘äϺϬ ϿϺ┘äÏ╣Ϻ┘ä┘à Ϻ┘äϼϻ┘èÏ» Ï│Ï¿┘éϬ Ϻ┘äÏú┘êÏ▒Ï¿┘è┘è┘å ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘âϬÏ┤Ϻ┘ü ┘åÏÁ┘ü Ϻ┘ä┘âÏ▒Ï® Ϻ┘äÏ║Ï▒Ï¿┘è Ï¡┘èϽ ┘êÏÁ┘ä Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ│┘ä┘à┘ê┘å ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ïú┘àÏ▒┘è┘âϺ Ϻ┘ä┘äϺϬ┘è┘å┘èÏ® ┘êϼÏ▓Ï▒ Ϻ┘ä┘âϺÏ▒┘èÏ¿┘è ┘éÏ¿┘ä ┘êÏÁ┘ê┘ä Ϻ┘äÏúÏ│ϿϺ┘å ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ϻ┘ä┘à Ϻ┘äϼϻ┘èÏ»Ïî ┘ê┘âϺ┘å ┘çÏ░Ϻ Ϻ┘ä┘êÏÁ┘ê┘ä Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ¿┘âÏ▒ ┘à┘å ┘àÏ│┘ä┘à┘è Ï┤┘àϺ┘ä ┘êÏ║Ï▒Ï¿┘è Ïú┘üÏ▒┘è┘é┘èϺÏî┘ê┘à┘å ┘àÏ│┘ä┘à┘è Ϻ┘äÏú┘åÏ»┘äÏ│.
┘ü┘è Ï¡┘ä┘éϬ┘åϺ Ϻ┘ä┘è┘ê┘à Ï│┘å┘é┘ê┘à Ï¿Ï▓┘èϺÏ▒Ï® ÏÑÏ¡Ï»┘ë ϼÏ▓Ï▒ Ϻ┘äÏú┘åϬ┘è┘ä,┘ê ┘ç┘è ┘àϼ┘à┘êÏ╣Ï® ϼÏ▓Ï▒ Ϭ┘â┘ê┘å Ϻ┘äϼÏ▓Ïí Ϻ┘äÏú┘âÏ¿Ï▒ ┘à┘å ϼÏ▓Ï▒ Ϻ┘ä┘ç┘åÏ» Ϻ┘äÏ║Ï▒Ï¿┘èÏ®,┘êϬ┘éÏ│┘à ϼÏ▓Ï▒ Ϻ┘äÏú┘åϬ┘è┘ä ÏÑ┘ä┘ë ┘àϼ┘à┘êÏ╣Ϭ┘è┘å Ï▒Ϫ┘èÏ│┘èϬ┘è┘å:"ϼÏ▓Ï▒ Ϻ┘äÏú┘åϬ┘è┘ä Ϻ┘ä┘âÏ¿Ï▒┘ë ┘êϺ┘ä┘êϺ┘éÏ╣Ï® Ï┤┘àϺ┘äϺ┘ï ┘êϬÏÂ┘à ┘â┘êϿϺ ┘êϼϺ┘àϺ┘è┘âϺ ┘ê┘çÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘è┘ê┘äϺ ┘êÏ¿┘ê┘èÏ▒Ϭ┘êÏ▒┘è┘â┘ê- ┘êϼÏ▓Ï▒ Ϻ┘äÏú┘åϬ┘è┘ä Ϻ┘äÏÁÏ║Ï▒┘ë ┘êϬϬ┘â┘ê┘å ┘à┘å ┘àϼ┘à┘êÏ╣Ï® ϼÏ▓Ï▒ ┘ä┘è┘êϺÏ▒Ï» ┘êϼÏ▓Ï▒ ┘ê┘åÏ»┘êϺÏ▒Ï» ┘êϼÏ▓Ï▒ ┘ü┘åÏ▓┘ê┘è┘äϺ Ϻ┘äÏ┤ϺÏÀϪ┘èÏ®. ┘èÏ│ϬϽ┘å┘ë ┘à┘å Ϻ┘äÏú┘åϬ┘è┘ä ϼÏ▓Ï▒ Ϻ┘äÏ¿┘çϺ┘àϺÏ│ ϿϺ┘äÏ▒Ï║┘à ┘à┘å Ïú┘å┘çϺ ϬϬϿÏ╣ ϼÏ▓Ï▒ Ϻ┘ä┘ç┘åÏ» Ϻ┘äÏ║Ï▒Ï¿┘èÏ®. ϼÏ║Ï▒Ϻ┘ü┘èϺ ϬϬϿÏ╣ ϼÏ▓Ï▒ Ϻ┘äÏú┘åϬ┘è┘ä ┘éϺÏ▒Ï® Ïú┘àÏ▒┘è┘âϺ Ϻ┘äÏ┤┘àϺ┘ä┘èÏ®. ÏúÏ¡┘èϺ┘åϺ Ϭ┘äÏ¡┘é ┘â┘ä ┘à┘å ϼÏ▓Ï▒ ┘â┘êϿϺ ┘êÏ¿┘è┘êÏ▒Ϭ┘êÏ▒┘è┘â┘ê ┘êϺ┘äÏ»┘ê┘àϺ┘å┘è┘âϺ┘å Ï¿Ïú┘àÏ▒┘è┘âϺ Ϻ┘ä┘äϺϬ┘è┘å┘èÏ® Ï¿Ï│Ï¿Ï¿ ϬϡϻϽ Ïú┘ç┘ä┘çϺ ϿϺ┘äÏÑÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘èÏ®.
┘ê┘åÏ«ÏÁ ϿϺ┘äÏ░┘âÏ▒ ┘ü┘è Ϭ┘ä┘â Ϻ┘äÏ¡┘ä┘éÏ® ϼÏ▓┘èÏ▒Ï® ┘çÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘è┘ê┘äϺ ┘ê┘ç┘è ϽϺ┘å┘èÏ® ┘âÏ¿Ï▒┘èϺϬ ϼÏ▓Ï▒ Ϻ┘ä┘ç┘åÏ» Ϻ┘äÏ║Ï▒Ï¿┘èÏ®Ïî ┘êϬ┘éÏ╣ Ï¿┘è┘å ┘â┘êϿϺ ┘êÏ¿┘Å┘êÏ▒Ϭ┘Å┘êÏ▒┘è┘â┘Å┘ê ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äÏ¿Ï¡Ï▒ Ϻ┘ä┘âϺÏ▒┘èÏ¿┘è.┘êϬϿÏ╣Ï» Ï¡┘êϺ┘ä┘è970┘â┘à ϼ┘å┘êÏ¿ Ï┤Ï▒┘é┘è ┘ü┘ä┘êÏ▒┘èϻϺ ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘ä┘ê┘äϺ┘èϺϬ Ϻ┘ä┘àϬϡϻϮ Ϻ┘äÏú┘àÏ▒┘è┘â┘èÏ®,┘êÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏ┤┘àϺ┘ä Ϻ┘äÏ║Ï▒Ï¿┘è ┘à┘å ϼÏ▓┘èÏ▒Ï® ┘ç┘èÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘è┘ê┘äϺ Ϭ┘éÏ╣ ┘â┘êϿϺ ┘ê┘è┘üÏÁ┘ä Ï¿┘è┘å┘ç┘àϺ ┘à┘àÏ▒ ┘ê┘åÏ»┘êϺÏ▒Ï» ┘êÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äϼ┘å┘êÏ¿ Ϻ┘äÏ┤Ï▒┘é┘è ┘à┘å┘çϺ Ϭ┘éÏ╣ ϼϺ┘àϺ┘è┘âϺ ┘ê┘è┘üÏÁ┘ä Ï¿┘è┘å┘ç┘àϺ ┘é┘åϺϮ ϼϺ┘àϺ┘è┘âϺ.Ï¿┘è┘å┘àϺ Ϭ┘éÏ╣ ϼÏ▓Ï▒ Ϻ┘äÏ¿┘çϺ┘àϺÏ│ Ï┤┘àϺ┘ä Ϻ┘äϼÏ▓┘èÏ▒Ï®.ϼÏ▓Ï▒ ┘â┘êϿϺ ┘êϼϺ┘àϺ┘è┘âϺ ┘ê┘çÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘è┘ê┘äϺ ┘êÏ¿┘êÏ▒Ϭ┘êÏ▒┘è┘â┘ê ┘àϼ┘àϬÏ╣Ï® ┘èÏ┤┘â┘ä┘êϺ ┘àϺ ┘èÏ╣Ï▒┘ü ϿϺÏ│┘à ϼÏ▓Ï▒ Ϻ┘äÏú┘åϬ┘è┘ä Ϻ┘ä┘âÏ¿Ï▒┘ë Ϻ┘ä┘à┘â┘ê┘åÏ® ┘à┘å Ϻ┘äÏÁÏ«┘êÏ▒ Ϻ┘ä┘éϺÏ▒┘èÏ®.
ϬϡϬ┘ä ϼ┘à┘ç┘êÏ▒┘èÏ® ┘çϺ┘è┘èϬ┘è Ϻ┘äϽ┘äϽ Ϻ┘äÏ║Ï▒Ï¿┘è ┘à┘å ┘çÏ│┘ÆÏ¿┘ÄϺ┘å┘è┘Å┘ê┘äϺÏî┘ü┘è Ï¡┘è┘å Ϭ┘ÅÏ║┘ÄÏÀ┘É┘è ϼ┘à┘ç┘êÏ▒┘èÏ® Ϻ┘äÏ»┘ê┘à┘è┘å┘è┘âϺ┘å Ͻ┘äϽ┘è┘çϺ Ϻ┘äÏ┤Ï▒┘é┘è┘è┘åÏî┘èÏÀ┘ä┘é Ï│┘âϺ┘å Ϻ┘äϼÏ▓┘èÏ▒Ï® Ϻ┘äÏúÏÁ┘ä┘è┘è┘å Ï╣┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äϼÏ▓┘èÏ▒Ï® ϺÏ│┘à ┘â┘ê┘èÏ│┘â┘ê┘èϺ. ┘àÏ│┘à┘ë ┘çϺ┘èϬ┘è ÏúÏÀ┘ä┘é ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äÏúÏÁ┘ä Ï╣┘ä┘ë ϺÏ│┘à Ϻ┘äϼÏ▓┘èÏ▒Ï® ┘â┘ä┘çϺ ┘ê┘ä┘à ┘è┘éÏÁÏ» Ï¿┘çϺ ϼÏ▓Ïñ┘çϺ Ϻ┘äÏ║Ï▒Ï¿┘è ┘ü┘éÏÀ. ┘ê ┘éÏ» ┘âϺ┘å ϺÏ│┘à ϼ┘à┘ç┘êÏ▒┘èÏ® Ϻ┘äÏ»┘ê┘à┘å┘è┘âϺ┘å ┘ä┘àϻϮ ┘à┘å Ϻ┘äÏ▓┘à┘å ┘çϺ┘èϬ┘è Ϻ┘äÏÑÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘èÏ®.
ϼÏ▓┘èÏ▒Ï® ┘ç┘èÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘è┘ê┘äϺ
ÔÇó Ϻ┘ä┘à┘ê┘éÏ╣:Ϻ┘äÏ¿Ï¡Ï▒ Ϻ┘ä┘âϺÏ▒┘èÏ¿┘è.
ÔÇó Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ│ϺϡϮ: ┘àÏ│ϺϡϮ Ϻ┘äϼÏ▓┘èÏ▒Ï® Ϻ┘ä┘â┘ä┘èÏ® ┘ç┘è Ï¡┘êϺ┘ä┘è 76,480 ┘â┘à2.
ÔÇó Ï╣ϻϻ Ϻ┘äÏ│┘âϺ┘å:┘èÏ¿┘äÏ║ Ï╣ϻϻ Ï│┘âϺ┘å Ϻ┘äϼÏ▓┘èÏ▒Ï®18,466,497Ï¡Ï│Ï¿ Ϭ┘éÏ»┘èÏ▒ϺϬ 2005 ┘à ,┘à┘å┘ç┘à 8┘à┘äϺ┘è┘è┘å ┘ü┘è ┘çϺ┘è┘èϬ┘è9,7 ┘à┘äϺ┘è┘è┘å ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äÏ»┘ê┘à┘å┘è┘âϺ┘å. ┘ê┘â┘ä┘ç┘à Ϭ┘éÏ▒┘èÏ¿┘ïϺ ÏÑ┘àϺ Ï│┘êÏ»Ïî ┘êÏÑ┘àϺ ┘è┘åÏ¡Ï»Ï▒┘ê┘å ┘à┘å ÏúÏÁ┘ê┘ä ┘àϫϬ┘äÏÀÏ® ┘à┘å Ϻ┘äÏ¿┘èÏ ┘êϺ┘äÏ│┘êÏ». ┘ê┘èÏ╣┘èÏ┤ Ïú┘âϽÏ▒ ┘à┘å ┘åÏÁ┘ü Ϻ┘äÏ│┘âϺ┘å ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘ä┘à┘åϺÏÀ┘é Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘è┘ü┘èÏ®.
ÔÇó ┘êϺ┘äϼÏ▓┘èÏ▒Ï® ϬϬ┘êÏ▓Ï╣ Ï¿┘è┘å ϼ┘à┘ç┘êÏ▒┘èÏ® ┘çϺ┘è┘èϬ┘è ┘ê ϼ┘à┘ç┘êÏ▒┘èÏ® Ϻ┘äÏ»┘ê┘à┘è┘å┘è┘âϺ┘å.
ÔÇó ┘çϺ┘è┘èϬ┘è:Ïú┘âÏ¿Ï▒ ┘àÏ»┘è┘åÏ® Ï¿┘êÏ▒Ϭ Ïú┘êÏ¿Ï▒┘åÏ│.
ÔÇó Ϻ┘äÏ»┘ê┘à┘è┘å┘è┘âϺ┘å:Ïú┘âÏ¿Ï▒ ┘àÏ»┘è┘åÏ® Ï│Ϻ┘åϬ┘ê Ï»┘ê┘à┘è┘åϼ┘ê.
┘åÏ¿Ï░Ï® ϬϺÏ▒┘èÏ«┘èÏ®:
┘ü┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äÏú┘àÏ▒┘è┘âϬ┘è┘å Ïú┘ê Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ϻ┘ä┘à Ϻ┘äϼϻ┘èÏ» ┘â┘àϺ ┘èÏ│┘à┘ëÏî Ïú┘ê ┘åÏÁ┘ü Ϻ┘ä┘âÏ▒Ï® Ϻ┘äÏ║Ï▒Ï¿┘è ┘â┘àϺ ┘èÏÀ┘ä┘é Ï╣┘ä┘è┘ç ÏúÏ¡┘èϺ┘åϺ┘ï ┘è┘êϼϻ Ϻ┘äÏÑÏ│┘äϺ┘à ┘à┘àϽ┘äϺ┘ï ┘ü┘è Ï╣ϻϻ ┘èÏ▓┘èÏ» Ï╣┘ä┘ë ÏúÏ▒Ï¿Ï╣Ï® ┘à┘äϺ┘è┘è┘å ┘ê┘åÏÁ┘ü Ϻ┘ä┘à┘ä┘è┘ê┘å ┘à┘å Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ│┘ä┘à┘è┘å Ïî ┘ê┘éÏ» Ï»┘äϬ Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï»┘èÏ» ┘à┘å Ϻ┘äÏúÏ»┘äÏ® Ï╣┘ä┘ë Ï░┘ä┘âÏî┘à┘å┘çϺ Ï╣┘ä┘ë Ï│Ï¿┘è┘ä Ϻ┘ä┘àϽϺ┘ä Ϻ┘äϬ┘éϺ┘ä┘èÏ» Ϻ┘ä┘à┘êÏ▒┘êϽϮ Ï╣┘åÏ» Ϻ┘ä┘ç┘å┘êÏ» ϿϺ┘äÏú┘àÏ▒┘è┘âϬ┘è┘åÏî┘ê┘à┘å┘çϺ Ϻ┘äϬÏúϽ┘èÏ▒ Ϻ┘äÏú┘üÏ▒┘è┘é┘è ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äÏÁ┘åϺÏ╣Ï® Ϻ┘äϬ┘é┘ä┘èÏ»┘èÏ® ┘äÏ»┘ë Ϻ┘ä┘ç┘å┘êÏ» Ϻ┘äÏú┘àÏ▒┘è┘â┘è┘è┘åÏî┘ê┘à┘å┘çϺ ┘àϺ Ï╣ϽÏ▒ Ï╣┘ä┘è┘ç ┘à┘å ÏóϽϺÏ▒ ┘à┘âϬ┘êÏ¿Ï® ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äÏÁÏ«Ï▒ ┘ü┘è 90 ┘à┘ê┘éÏ╣Ϻ┘ï Ï¿Ïú┘àÏ▒┘è┘âϺ Ϻ┘äϼ┘å┘êÏ¿┘èÏ® ┘êϺ┘ä┘êÏ│ÏÀ┘ë- Ϻ┘äϬ┘è Ϭ┘éÏ╣ Ï¿┘çϺ ϼÏ▓Ï▒ ┘çÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘è┘ê┘äϺ- ┘âϬϿϬ Ï¿Ï¡Ï▒┘ê┘ü ┘à┘å ┘äÏ║Ï® Ϻ┘ä┘àϺ┘åÏ»┘åϼ Ï¿Ï║Ï▒Ï¿ Ïú┘üÏ▒┘è┘é┘èϺÏî┘ê┘à┘å Ϻ┘äÏúÏ»┘äÏ® Ϭ┘ä┘â┘à Ϻ┘äÏ¿Ï╣ϽϺϬ Ϻ┘ä┘âÏ┤┘ü┘èÏ® Ϻ┘äϬ┘è ÏúÏ▒Ï│┘ä┘çϺ ┘à┘ä┘ê┘â Ï»┘ê┘äÏ® ┘àϺ┘ä┘è Ϻ┘äÏÑÏ│┘äϺ┘à┘èÏ® ┘ü┘è Ï║Ï▒Ï¿┘è Ïú┘üÏ▒┘è┘é┘èϺ ┘ü┘è Ï╣┘çÏ» ┘àϺ┘åÏ│ ÏúÏ¿┘ê Ï¿┘âÏ▒Ïî┘êÏ¡┘â┘ë ┘éÏÁϬ┘çϺ Ϻ┘äÏ│┘äÏÀϺ┘å ┘àϺ┘åÏ│┘è ┘ü┘è ϡϼ┘ç ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏ¿┘éϺÏ╣ Ϻ┘ä┘à┘éÏ»Ï│Ï®Ïî Ï¡┘èϽ ┘àÏ▒ ϿϺ┘ä┘éϺ┘çÏ▒Ï®Ïî ┘ê┘éÏÁ ┘çÏ░Ϻ Ï╣┘ä┘ë Ï│┘äÏÀϺ┘å ┘àÏÁÏ▒Ïî ┘êÏúÏ┤ϺÏ▒ ÏÑ┘ä┘è┘çϺ Ϻ┘ä┘àÏñÏ▒Ï« Ϻ┘äÏ╣┘àÏ▒┘è.
┘ê┘ä┘éÏ» Ï│Ï¿┘éϬ ┘çÏ░┘ç Ϻ┘äÏ▒Ï¡┘äϺϬ Ϻ┘ä┘âÏ┤┘ü┘èÏ® Ϻ┘äÏÑÏ│┘äϺ┘à┘èÏ® ┘êÏÁ┘ê┘ä ┘â┘ê┘ä┘àÏ¿Ï│ Ï¿┘Ç180 Ï│┘åϮϡÏ│Ï¿┘àϺ ÏúϽϿϬϬ Ï»Ï▒ϺÏ│ϺϬ ϬϺÏ▒┘èÏ«┘èÏ® ┘äÏ╣┘ä┘àϺÏí Ï║Ï▒Ï¿┘è┘è┘åÏî Ï¡┘èϽ ┘êϼϻϬ Ï╣┘à┘äÏ® ┘àÏ╣Ï»┘å┘èÏ® Ï╣Ï▒Ï¿┘èÏ® ÏÁ┘âϬ Ï│┘åÏ® 800┘ç┘ÇÏî ┘êϺ┘âϬÏ┤┘üϬ ┘ü┘è Ï│┘êϺϡ┘ä Ïú┘àÏ▒┘è┘âϺ Ϻ┘äϼ┘å┘êÏ¿┘èÏ®. ┘êϬÏ▒ϼÏ╣ ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏú┘åÏ»┘äÏ│Ïî ┘à┘àϺ ┘èϽϿϬ Ïú┘å ┘àÏ│┘ä┘à┘è ┘éÏ▒ÏÀÏ¿Ï®Ïî┘êÏÁ┘ä┘êϺ ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ϻ┘ä┘à Ϻ┘äϼϻ┘èÏ» ┘éÏ¿┘ä ┘â┘ê┘ä┘àÏ¿Ï│Ïî┘ê┘ä┘éÏ» ÏúÏ┤ϺÏ▒ Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ│Ï╣┘êÏ»┘è ┘ü┘è ┘àÏ▒┘êϼ Ϻ┘äÏ░┘çÏ¿ (┘âϬϿ Ï│┘åÏ® 339┘ç┘Ç-956┘à) ÏÑ┘ä┘ë ┘âϬϺϿ ┘ä┘ç (Ϻ┘âϿϺÏ▒ Ϻ┘äÏ▓┘àϺ┘å) ÏúÏ┤ϺÏ▒ ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ï▒Ï¡┘äϺϬ ┘àÏ│┘ä┘à┘è ┘éÏ▒ÏÀÏ¿Ï® Ï╣Ï¿Ï▒ Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ¡┘èÏÀ Ϻ┘äÏúÏÀ┘ä┘åÏÀ┘è (Ï¿Ï¡Ï▒ Ϻ┘äÏ©┘ä┘àϺϬ).
┘ê┘ä┘éÏ» ϺÏ│Ϭ┘üϺϻ ┘â┘ê┘ä┘àÏ¿Ï│ ┘à┘å Ï▒Ï¡┘äϺϬ Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ│┘ä┘à┘è┘å Ï╣Ï¿Ï▒ Ϻ┘äÏúÏÀ┘ä┘åÏÀ┘è ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ϻ┘ä┘à Ϻ┘äϼϻ┘èÏ» ┘ü┘è Ï▒Ï¡┘äϺϬ┘ç Ϻ┘ä┘âÏ┤┘ü┘èÏ®Ïî ┘ü┘ä┘éÏ» Ï░┘âÏ▒ ┘ü┘è Ï│ϼ┘äϺϬ Ï▒Ï¡┘äϺϬ┘ç : Ïú┘å Ϻ┘ä┘ç┘å┘êÏ» Ϻ┘äÏú┘àÏ▒┘è┘â┘è┘è┘å ϡϻϽ┘ê┘ç Ï╣┘å Ï╣┘äϺ┘éϺϬ ϬϼϺÏ▒┘èÏ® Ï│ϺϿ┘éÏ® ┘àÏ╣ Ϻ┘äÏú┘üÏ▒┘è┘é┘è┘è┘åÏî ┘ê┘ä┘éÏ» Ï┤Ϻ┘çÏ» Ϻ┘àÏ▒┘èϼ┘ê ┘üÏ│Ï¿┘êÏ┤┘è ┘ü┘è ┘êÏ│ÏÀ Ϻ┘äÏúÏÀ┘ä┘åÏÀ┘è ┘ü┘è Ï╣┘êϻϬ┘çÏî Ï▓┘êϺÏ▒┘é Ϻ┘ä┘àϺ┘åÏ»┘è┘åϼ ┘à┘å Ï║Ϻ┘àÏ¿┘èϺ ┘ü┘è Ï║Ï▒Ï¿┘è Ïú┘üÏ▒┘è┘é┘èϺÏî┘ê┘ç┘âÏ░Ϻ ┘âϺ┘å Ϻ┘ä┘êÏÁ┘ê┘ä Ϻ┘äÏú┘ê┘ä ┘ä┘äÏÑÏ│┘äϺ┘à ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ϻ┘ä┘à Ϻ┘äϼϻ┘èÏ» ┘àÏ¿┘âÏ▒Ϻ┘ïÏî ┘êϬ┘ä┘ë Ï░┘ä┘â ┘êÏÁ┘ê┘ä ÏóÏ«Ï▒ Ϭ┘àϽ┘ä ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ│┘ä┘à┘è┘å Ϻ┘äÏ░┘è┘å ┘éÏ»┘à┘êϺ ┘àÏ╣ Ϻ┘äÏúÏ│ϿϺ┘å ┘êϺ┘äÏ¿Ï▒ϬÏ║Ϻ┘ä┘è┘è┘åÏîÏú┘ê┘äϪ┘â Ϻ┘äÏ░┘è┘å ┘âϺ┘å┘êϺ ┘è┘âϬ┘à┘ê┘å ÏÑÏ│┘äϺ┘à┘ç┘à Ï«┘ê┘üϺ┘ï ┘à┘å Ï¿ÏÀÏ┤ ┘àϡϺ┘â┘à Ϻ┘äϬ┘üϬ┘èÏ┤ Ϻ┘äÏúÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘èÏ® ┘êϺ┘äÏ¿Ï▒ϬÏ║Ϻ┘ä┘èÏ®Ïî ┘ê┘âÏ░┘ä┘â Ϭ┘àϽ┘ä ┘çÏ░Ϻ Ϻ┘ä┘êÏÁ┘ê┘ä ┘ü┘è┘àϺ ϼ┘äÏ¿┘ç Ϻ┘äÏú┘êÏ▒Ï¿┘è┘ê┘å ┘à┘å Ï▒┘é┘è┘é ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏú┘àÏ▒┘è┘âϬ┘è┘å.
Ï╣┘ä┘à┘åϺ Ïú┘å Ϻ┘äÏú┘êÏ▒Ï¿┘è┘è┘å ┘å┘é┘ä┘êϺ Ϻ┘ä┘à┘äϺ┘è┘è┘å ┘à┘å Ϻ┘äÏ▓┘å┘êϼ Ϻ┘äÏú┘üÏ▒┘è┘é┘è┘è┘åÏî┘ê┘çÏ░┘ç Ϻ┘äÏúÏ╣ϻϺϻ Ϻ┘ä┘çϺϪ┘äÏ® ┘à┘å Ϻ┘äÏú┘üÏ▒┘è┘é┘è┘è┘å ϿϺ┘äÏú┘àÏ▒┘è┘âϬ┘è┘å ┘ç┘à ÏúÏ¡┘üϺϻ Ïú┘ê┘äϪ┘â Ϻ┘äÏúϼϻϺϻÏî ┘ü┘ü┘è Ϻ┘ä┘ê┘äϺ┘èϺϬ Ϻ┘ä┘àϬϡϻϮ ┘êÏ¡Ï»┘çϺ ┘àϺ ┘è┘å┘è┘ü Ï╣┘ä┘ë 27 ┘à┘ä┘è┘ê┘åϺ┘ï ┘à┘å Ϻ┘äÏú┘üϺÏ▒┘éÏ®Ïî ┘üÏÑÏ░Ϻ ÏúÏÂ┘ü┘åϺ ÏÑ┘ä┘è┘ç┘à ┘àϺ ┘è┘êϼϻ ┘à┘å┘ç┘à Ï¿Ïú┘àÏ▒┘è┘âϺ Ϻ┘ä┘êÏ│ÏÀ┘ë┘êϺ┘äÏ¿Ï¡Ï▒ Ϻ┘ä┘âϺÏ▒┘èÏ¿┘è ┘êÏú┘àÏ▒┘è┘âϺ Ϻ┘äϼ┘å┘êÏ¿┘èÏ®Ïî Ϭ┘â┘ê┘å Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ¡ÏÁ┘äÏ® ┘éÏ▒┘èÏ¿Ï® ┘à┘å ┘àϺϪϮ ┘à┘ä┘è┘ê┘å Ïú┘üÏ▒┘è┘é┘èÏî ┘à┘àϺ ┘äϺÏ┤┘â ┘ü┘è┘ç Ïú┘å Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ│┘ä┘à┘è┘å Ï┤┘â┘ä┘êϺ ┘éÏÀϺÏ╣Ϻ┘ï ┘âÏ¿┘èÏ▒Ϻ┘ï ┘à┘å Ï¿┘è┘å Ϭ┘ä┘â Ϻ┘äÏú┘ü┘êϺϼ ┘à┘å Ϻ┘äÏú┘üϺÏ▒┘éÏ® Ϻ┘äϬ┘è ϼ┘äÏ¿┘çϺ Ϻ┘äÏ║Ï▒Ï¿┘è┘ê┘å ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ϻ┘ä┘à Ϻ┘äϼϻ┘èÏ»Ïî ┘êÏ¡Ï▒┘âÏ® Ϻ┘äÏ╣┘êϻϮ ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏÑÏ│┘äϺ┘à Ï¿┘è┘å Ϻ┘äÏú┘üϺÏ▒┘éÏ® ϿϺ┘äÏ╣Ϻ┘ä┘à Ϻ┘äϼϻ┘èÏ» ϬÏ╣ÏÀ┘è ┘àÏñÏ┤Ï▒Ϻ┘ï Ï╣ϼ┘èϿϺ┘ïÏî ┘üÏÑÏ░Ϻ ┘âϺ┘åϬ Ϻ┘äÏÁ┘üϺϬ Ϻ┘ä┘êÏ▒ϺϽ┘èÏ® Ϭ┘êÏ▒Ͻ ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äÏúϼ┘åÏ®Ïî ┘ü┘åÏ¡┘å ┘å┘é┘ü Ïú┘àϺ┘à ┘àϽ┘è┘ä ┘ä┘çϺ ┘ü┘è ┘çÏ░Ϻ Ϻ┘äÏ»┘è┘å Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï©┘è┘àÏî ┘ü┘ä┘éÏ» ÏúÏ«Ï░ Ϻ┘äÏúÏ¡┘üϺϻ ┘à┘å Ϻ┘äÏú┘üϺÏ▒┘éÏ® ϿϺ┘äÏ╣Ϻ┘ä┘à Ϻ┘äϼϻ┘èÏ» ┘èÏ╣┘êÏ»┘ê┘å ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ï»┘è┘å Ϻ┘äÏúϼϻϺϻ.┘ê ϬÏ┤┘èÏ▒ Ϻ┘äÏÑÏ¡ÏÁϺÏíϺϬ Ϻ┘äÏ│┘âϺ┘å┘èÏ® ┘ü┘è Ï│┘åÏ® 1400-1401┘ç┘Ç 1980-1981┘à ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ïú┘å Ï│┘âϺ┘å Ϻ┘äÏú┘àÏ▒┘è┘âϬ┘è┘å ┘êϺ┘äÏ¿Ï¡Ï▒ Ϻ┘ä┘âϺÏ▒┘èÏ¿┘è ┘éÏ» ϬϼϺ┘êÏ▓┘êϺ 614 ┘à┘ä┘è┘ê┘å ┘åÏ│┘àÏ® ┘ê┘à┘å ┘çÏ░Ϻ Ϻ┘äÏ╣ϻϻ 4.6 ┘à┘ä┘è┘ê┘å ┘àÏ│┘ä┘àÏî Ïú┘è Ïú┘å ┘åÏ│ϿϬ┘ç┘à 0.7% ┘à┘å ϼ┘à┘äÏ® Ϻ┘äÏ│┘âϺ┘åÏî ┘êÏÑ┘å Ï©┘çÏ▒Ϭ ┘çÏ░┘ç Ϻ┘ä┘åÏ│Ï¿Ï® ÏÂϪ┘è┘äÏ® Ϻ┘äϡϼ┘àÏî ÏÑ┘äϺ Ïú┘å┘çϺ ┘åϺ┘à┘èÏ®Ïî ϬÏ▓┘èÏ» ┘àÏ╣ ┘àÏ▒┘êÏ▒ Ϻ┘äÏ▓┘à┘å.
ϼ┘à┘äÏ® Ϻ┘ä┘é┘ê┘ä Ïú┘å Ϻ┘äÏú┘üϺÏ▒┘éÏ® ┘ç┘à Ïú┘ê┘ä ┘à┘å Ϻ┘âϬÏ┤┘ü┘êϺ ┘çÏ░┘ç Ϻ┘äϼÏ▓┘èÏ▒Ï® ┘êϺÏ│Ϭ┘éÏ▒┘æ┘êϺ Ï¿┘çϺ.┘üÏ╣┘åÏ»┘àϺ Ϭ┘êϼ┘çϬ Ï¡┘Ä┘à┘Ä┘äϺϬ Ϻ┘ä┘âÏ┤┘ê┘ü Ϻ┘äϼÏ║Ï▒Ϻ┘ü┘èÏ® ┘ü┘è Ï╣Ϻ┘à 898 ┘çϼÏ▒┘èÏ® (1492 ┘à┘è┘äϺϻ┘èÏ®) Ï¿┘é┘èϺϻϮ ┘â┘ê┘ä┘àÏ¿Ï│ ϺÏ│Ϭ┘éÏ¿┘ä┘ç Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ│┘ä┘à┘ê┘å Ϻ┘äÏú┘üϺÏ▒┘éÏ® ┘êÏ╣Ϻ┘ê┘å┘ê┘ç ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘âϬÏ┤Ϻ┘ü ┘àϼϺ┘ç┘ä ┘çÏ░┘ç Ϻ┘äϼÏ▓┘èÏ▒Ï® ┘ê┘àÏ╣Ϻ┘ä┘à┘çϺ Ϻ┘äϼÏ║Ï▒Ϻ┘ü┘èÏ® ┘êÏ│┘àϺ┘çϺ Ïú┘è┘äϺ ÏÑÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘è┘ê┘äϺ Ïú┘è Ϻ┘äϼÏ▓┘èÏ▒Ï® Ϻ┘äÏúÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘èÏ® ┘ê┘ç┘âÏ░Ϻ ÏúÏ│Ï│ Ïú┘ê┘ä ┘àÏ│ϬÏ╣┘àÏ▒Ï®ÏúÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘èÏ® ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ϻ┘ä┘à.
┘ê┘ç┘âÏ░Ϻ Ϭϻ┘ü┘é Ï╣ϻϻ ┘à┘å Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï¿┘èÏ» Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ│┘ä┘à┘è┘å ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äϼÏ▓┘èÏ▒Ï® Ï╣┘ä┘ë ┘èÏ» Ϻ┘äÏÑÏ│ϿϺ┘å ┘ü┘éϺ┘à┘êϺ ϿϽ┘êÏ▒Ï® ÏÂÏ»┘ç┘à ┘ü┘è 1522 ┘à ┘ü┘éϺ┘àϬ ÏÑÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘èϺ Ï¿┘àÏ╣Ϻ┘ê┘åÏ® Ϻ┘äÏ│┘âϺ┘å Ϻ┘äÏúÏÁ┘ä┘è┘è┘å Ï¿┘é┘àÏ╣┘çϺ. ┘ê┘ü┘è┘çϺ ┘éϺ┘ä Ï»┘è┘èϼ┘ê ┘â┘ê┘ä┘ê┘àÏ¿┘êÏ│ ┬½ÏÑ┘å ┘ä┘à Ϭ┘é┘àÏ╣ Ϻ┘äϽ┘êÏ▒Ï® Ï¿Ï│Ï▒Ï╣Ï® ┘ä┘âϺ┘åϬ ┘éÏ» ÏúÏ▒┘è┘éϬ Ï»┘àϺÏí Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ▓┘èÏ» ┘à┘å Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ│┘èÏ¡┘è┘è┘å┬╗. ┘éϺ┘àϬ ÏÑÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘èϺ Ï¿ÏÑϼ┘äϺÏí Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ│┘ä┘à┘è┘å Ï╣┘å Ϻ┘äϼÏ▓┘èÏ▒Ï® ┘êÏÑÏ¿Ï╣Ϻϻ┘ç┘à Ï╣┘å┘çϺ.
┘ê┘éÏ» Ï«ÏÂÏ╣Ϭ ┘çÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘è┘ê┘äϺ ┘ä┘äϺÏ│ϬÏ╣┘àϺÏ▒ Ϻ┘äÏúÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘è ┘à┘åÏ░ ┘çÏ░Ϻ Ϻ┘ä┘ê┘éϬ, ┘ü┘éϺ┘àϬ ÏúÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘èϺ ϿϬ┘éÏ│┘è┘à Ϻ┘äϼÏ▓┘èÏ▒Ï® ┘ü┘è ┘àϡϺ┘ê┘äÏ® ┘äϬ┘üÏ▒┘éÏ® Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ│┘ä┘à┘è┘å .. ┘êÏúÏÀ┘ä┘éϬ Ï╣┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äϼÏ▓Ïí Ϻ┘äÏ┤Ï▒┘é┘è ┘à┘å ┘çÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘è┘ê┘äϺ ϺÏ│┘à " Ϻ┘äÏ»┘ê┘à┘è┘å┘âϺ┘å" ┘êÏ«ÏÁÏÁϬ ┘ä┘çϺ Ͻ┘äϽ┘è ┘àÏ│ϺϡϮ Ϻ┘äϼÏ▓┘èÏ▒Ï® .. ┘â┘àϺ ϺϫϬϺÏ▒Ϭ ┘àÏ»┘è┘åÏ® " Ï│Ϻ┘åϬ Ï»┘à┘åϼ┘ê" Ï╣ϺÏÁ┘àÏ® ┘ä┘çϺ .. ┘ê┘éÏ» Ï¡ÏÁ┘äϬ Ϻ┘äÏ»┘ê┘à┘è┘å┘âϺ┘å Ï╣┘ä┘ë ϺÏ│Ϭ┘é┘äϺ┘ä┘çϺ Ï╣┘å Ϻ┘äϺÏ│ϬÏ╣┘àϺÏ▒ Ϻ┘äÏúÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘è Ͻ┘à Ϻ┘ä┘üÏ▒┘åÏ│┘è ┘êÏ░┘ä┘â ┘ü┘è Ï╣Ϻ┘à 1260 ┘çϼÏ▒┘èÏ®.
Ïú┘àϺ Ϻ┘äϼÏ▓Ïí Ϻ┘äÏ║Ï▒Ï¿┘è ┘à┘å ϼÏ▓┘èÏ▒Ï® ┘çÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘è┘ê┘äϺ ┘ü┘éÏ» ϬÏúÏ│Ï│Ϭ Ï¿┘ç Ï»┘ê┘äÏ® "┘çϺ┘èϬ┘è".. ┘ê┘éÏ» ϺϡϬ┘äϬ┘çϺ ┘üÏ▒┘åÏ│Ϻ Ï╣Ϻ┘à 1036 ┘çϼÏ▒┘èÏ® ( 1626┘à┘è┘äϺϻ┘èÏ® ) ┘êÏÀÏ▒ϻϬ ÏúÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘èϺ ┘à┘å┘çϺ .. ϡϬ┘ë Ï¡ÏÁ┘äϬ ┘çϺ┘èϬ┘è Ï╣┘ä┘ë ϺÏ│Ϭ┘é┘äϺ┘ä┘çϺ ┘ü┘è Ï╣Ϻ┘à 1219 ┘çϼÏ▒┘èÏ® ( 1804 ┘à┘è┘äϺϻ┘èÏ® ) ┘ü┘âϺ┘åϬ Ïú┘ê┘ä ϼ┘à┘ç┘êÏ▒┘èÏ® Ï▓┘åϼ┘èÏ® ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ϻ┘ä┘à ┘â┘ä┘ç.
┘êÏúÏ║┘äÏ¿ Ï│┘âϺ┘å " ┘çϺ┘èϬ┘è" ┘à┘å Ϻ┘äÏ▓┘å┘êϼ Ϻ┘äÏú┘üϺÏ▒┘éÏ® Ϻ┘äÏ░┘è┘å ϺÏ│Ϭ┘éÏ▒┘êϺ ┘ü┘è ϼÏ▓┘èÏ▒Ï® ┘çÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘è┘ê┘äϺ ┘à┘åÏ░ ┘å┘çϺ┘èÏ® Ϻ┘ä┘éÏ▒┘å Ϻ┘äϫϺ┘àÏ│ Ϻ┘ä┘çϼÏ▒┘ë ϿϺ┘äÏÑÏÂϺ┘üÏ® ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ï╣ϻϻ ÏóÏ«Ï▒ ┘à┘å Ϻ┘äÏú┘üϺÏ▒┘éÏ® Ϻ┘äÏ░┘è┘å ϼ┘äϿϬ┘ç┘à ┘üÏ▒┘åÏ│Ϻ ┘à┘å Ï║Ï▒Ï¿ Ïú┘üÏ▒┘è┘é┘èϺ.
ÏÑ┘ä┘ë ┘ç┘åϺ ┘åϬ┘ê┘é┘ü ┘àÏ╣ ┘êÏ╣Ï» Ï¿┘à┘êϺÏÁ┘äÏ® Ï▒Ï¡┘äϬ┘åϺ ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äÏ¡┘ä┘éÏ® Ϻ┘ä┘éϺϻ┘àÏ® ÏÑ┘å Ï┤ϺÏí Ϻ┘ä┘ä┘ç ┘ä┘åϬÏ╣Ï▒┘ü ϡϺ┘ä Ϻ┘äÏÑÏ│┘äϺ┘à ┘ü┘è ┘çÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘è┘ê┘äϺ┘ê ┘ê┘âÏ░┘ä┘â ┘åϡϺ┘ê┘ä Ϭ┘ü┘éÏ» ÏúÏ¡┘êϺ┘ä Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ│┘ä┘à┘è┘å ┘ç┘åϺ┘â ┘êϺ┘äϬÏ╣Ï▒┘ü Ï╣┘ä┘ë ┘àÏ┤Ϻ┘â┘ä┘ç┘à ┘êÏúÏ¿Ï▒Ï▓ Ϻ┘äϬϡϻ┘èϺϬ Ϻ┘äϬ┘è Ϭ┘êϺϼ┘ç┘ç┘à ┘üÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘ä┘à┘äϬ┘é┘ë.
┘èϬϿÏ╣ ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äÏ¡┘ä┘éÏ® Ϻ┘ä┘éϺϻ┘àÏ®
Ϻ┘å Ï┤ϺÏí Ϻ┘ä┘ä┘ç
Ϭϡ┘èϺϬ
┘àϺϼϻ Ϻ┘äÏ¿┘ä┘ê┘è
┘ä┘éÏ» ÏÂÏ▒Ï¿ Ϻ┘äÏÑÏ│┘äϺ┘à ϿϼÏ░┘êÏ▒┘ç Ï┤Ï▒┘éϺ┘ï ┘êÏ║Ï▒ϿϺ┘ï,┘â┘àϺ ÏúÏ┤Ï▒┘éϬ Ï┤┘àÏ│┘ç Ï│ϺÏÀÏ╣Ï® ┘ü┘åÏ┤Ï▒Ϭ ┘å┘êÏ▒┘çϺ Ï╣┘ä┘ë ┘âϺ┘üÏ® ÏúÏ▒ϼϺÏí Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ╣┘à┘êÏ▒Ï® ┘ü┘àϺ ┘à┘å Ï»┘ê┘äÏ® Ïú┘ê ϼÏ▓┘èÏ▒Ï® ┘âÏ¿Ï▒ ϡϼ┘à┘çϺ Ïú┘ê ÏÁÏ║Ï▒ ÏÑ┘äϺ ┘êÏ¿┘çϺ ┘àÏ│┘ä┘à ┘è┘é┘è┘à Ï╣┘é┘èϻϮ Ϻ┘äϬ┘êÏ¡┘èÏ» Ϻ┘äÏ║Ï▒ϺÏí. ┘ü┘ä┘à Ϭ┘é┘ü Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ│Ϻ┘üϺϬ Ϻ┘äÏ┤ϺÏ│Ï╣Ï® ┘ê┘äϺ Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ¡┘èÏÀϺϬ Ϻ┘ä┘êϺÏ│Ï╣Ï® Ï╣┘éÏ¿Ï® ┘ü┘è Ï│Ï¿┘è┘ä Ϻ┘àϬϻϺϻ Ϻ┘äÏÑÏ│┘äϺ┘àÏî ┘ü┘ä┘ç ÏÁ┘äϺϬ ϿϺ┘äÏ╣Ϻ┘ä┘à Ϻ┘äϼϻ┘èÏ» Ï│Ï¿┘éϬ Ϻ┘äÏú┘êÏ▒Ï¿┘è┘è┘å ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘âϬÏ┤Ϻ┘ü ┘åÏÁ┘ü Ϻ┘ä┘âÏ▒Ï® Ϻ┘äÏ║Ï▒Ï¿┘è Ï¡┘èϽ ┘êÏÁ┘ä Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ│┘ä┘à┘ê┘å ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ïú┘àÏ▒┘è┘âϺ Ϻ┘ä┘äϺϬ┘è┘å┘èÏ® ┘êϼÏ▓Ï▒ Ϻ┘ä┘âϺÏ▒┘èÏ¿┘è ┘éÏ¿┘ä ┘êÏÁ┘ê┘ä Ϻ┘äÏúÏ│ϿϺ┘å ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ϻ┘ä┘à Ϻ┘äϼϻ┘èÏ»Ïî ┘ê┘âϺ┘å ┘çÏ░Ϻ Ϻ┘ä┘êÏÁ┘ê┘ä Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ¿┘âÏ▒ ┘à┘å ┘àÏ│┘ä┘à┘è Ï┤┘àϺ┘ä ┘êÏ║Ï▒Ï¿┘è Ïú┘üÏ▒┘è┘é┘èϺÏî┘ê┘à┘å ┘àÏ│┘ä┘à┘è Ϻ┘äÏú┘åÏ»┘äÏ│.
┘ü┘è Ï¡┘ä┘éϬ┘åϺ Ϻ┘ä┘è┘ê┘à Ï│┘å┘é┘ê┘à Ï¿Ï▓┘èϺÏ▒Ï® ÏÑÏ¡Ï»┘ë ϼÏ▓Ï▒ Ϻ┘äÏú┘åϬ┘è┘ä,┘ê ┘ç┘è ┘àϼ┘à┘êÏ╣Ï® ϼÏ▓Ï▒ Ϭ┘â┘ê┘å Ϻ┘äϼÏ▓Ïí Ϻ┘äÏú┘âÏ¿Ï▒ ┘à┘å ϼÏ▓Ï▒ Ϻ┘ä┘ç┘åÏ» Ϻ┘äÏ║Ï▒Ï¿┘èÏ®,┘êϬ┘éÏ│┘à ϼÏ▓Ï▒ Ϻ┘äÏú┘åϬ┘è┘ä ÏÑ┘ä┘ë ┘àϼ┘à┘êÏ╣Ϭ┘è┘å Ï▒Ϫ┘èÏ│┘èϬ┘è┘å:"ϼÏ▓Ï▒ Ϻ┘äÏú┘åϬ┘è┘ä Ϻ┘ä┘âÏ¿Ï▒┘ë ┘êϺ┘ä┘êϺ┘éÏ╣Ï® Ï┤┘àϺ┘äϺ┘ï ┘êϬÏÂ┘à ┘â┘êϿϺ ┘êϼϺ┘àϺ┘è┘âϺ ┘ê┘çÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘è┘ê┘äϺ ┘êÏ¿┘ê┘èÏ▒Ϭ┘êÏ▒┘è┘â┘ê- ┘êϼÏ▓Ï▒ Ϻ┘äÏú┘åϬ┘è┘ä Ϻ┘äÏÁÏ║Ï▒┘ë ┘êϬϬ┘â┘ê┘å ┘à┘å ┘àϼ┘à┘êÏ╣Ï® ϼÏ▓Ï▒ ┘ä┘è┘êϺÏ▒Ï» ┘êϼÏ▓Ï▒ ┘ê┘åÏ»┘êϺÏ▒Ï» ┘êϼÏ▓Ï▒ ┘ü┘åÏ▓┘ê┘è┘äϺ Ϻ┘äÏ┤ϺÏÀϪ┘èÏ®. ┘èÏ│ϬϽ┘å┘ë ┘à┘å Ϻ┘äÏú┘åϬ┘è┘ä ϼÏ▓Ï▒ Ϻ┘äÏ¿┘çϺ┘àϺÏ│ ϿϺ┘äÏ▒Ï║┘à ┘à┘å Ïú┘å┘çϺ ϬϬϿÏ╣ ϼÏ▓Ï▒ Ϻ┘ä┘ç┘åÏ» Ϻ┘äÏ║Ï▒Ï¿┘èÏ®. ϼÏ║Ï▒Ϻ┘ü┘èϺ ϬϬϿÏ╣ ϼÏ▓Ï▒ Ϻ┘äÏú┘åϬ┘è┘ä ┘éϺÏ▒Ï® Ïú┘àÏ▒┘è┘âϺ Ϻ┘äÏ┤┘àϺ┘ä┘èÏ®. ÏúÏ¡┘èϺ┘åϺ Ϭ┘äÏ¡┘é ┘â┘ä ┘à┘å ϼÏ▓Ï▒ ┘â┘êϿϺ ┘êÏ¿┘è┘êÏ▒Ϭ┘êÏ▒┘è┘â┘ê ┘êϺ┘äÏ»┘ê┘àϺ┘å┘è┘âϺ┘å Ï¿Ïú┘àÏ▒┘è┘âϺ Ϻ┘ä┘äϺϬ┘è┘å┘èÏ® Ï¿Ï│Ï¿Ï¿ ϬϡϻϽ Ïú┘ç┘ä┘çϺ ϿϺ┘äÏÑÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘èÏ®.
┘ê┘åÏ«ÏÁ ϿϺ┘äÏ░┘âÏ▒ ┘ü┘è Ϭ┘ä┘â Ϻ┘äÏ¡┘ä┘éÏ® ϼÏ▓┘èÏ▒Ï® ┘çÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘è┘ê┘äϺ ┘ê┘ç┘è ϽϺ┘å┘èÏ® ┘âÏ¿Ï▒┘èϺϬ ϼÏ▓Ï▒ Ϻ┘ä┘ç┘åÏ» Ϻ┘äÏ║Ï▒Ï¿┘èÏ®Ïî ┘êϬ┘éÏ╣ Ï¿┘è┘å ┘â┘êϿϺ ┘êÏ¿┘Å┘êÏ▒Ϭ┘Å┘êÏ▒┘è┘â┘Å┘ê ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äÏ¿Ï¡Ï▒ Ϻ┘ä┘âϺÏ▒┘èÏ¿┘è.┘êϬϿÏ╣Ï» Ï¡┘êϺ┘ä┘è970┘â┘à ϼ┘å┘êÏ¿ Ï┤Ï▒┘é┘è ┘ü┘ä┘êÏ▒┘èϻϺ ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘ä┘ê┘äϺ┘èϺϬ Ϻ┘ä┘àϬϡϻϮ Ϻ┘äÏú┘àÏ▒┘è┘â┘èÏ®,┘êÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏ┤┘àϺ┘ä Ϻ┘äÏ║Ï▒Ï¿┘è ┘à┘å ϼÏ▓┘èÏ▒Ï® ┘ç┘èÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘è┘ê┘äϺ Ϭ┘éÏ╣ ┘â┘êϿϺ ┘ê┘è┘üÏÁ┘ä Ï¿┘è┘å┘ç┘àϺ ┘à┘àÏ▒ ┘ê┘åÏ»┘êϺÏ▒Ï» ┘êÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äϼ┘å┘êÏ¿ Ϻ┘äÏ┤Ï▒┘é┘è ┘à┘å┘çϺ Ϭ┘éÏ╣ ϼϺ┘àϺ┘è┘âϺ ┘ê┘è┘üÏÁ┘ä Ï¿┘è┘å┘ç┘àϺ ┘é┘åϺϮ ϼϺ┘àϺ┘è┘âϺ.Ï¿┘è┘å┘àϺ Ϭ┘éÏ╣ ϼÏ▓Ï▒ Ϻ┘äÏ¿┘çϺ┘àϺÏ│ Ï┤┘àϺ┘ä Ϻ┘äϼÏ▓┘èÏ▒Ï®.ϼÏ▓Ï▒ ┘â┘êϿϺ ┘êϼϺ┘àϺ┘è┘âϺ ┘ê┘çÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘è┘ê┘äϺ ┘êÏ¿┘êÏ▒Ϭ┘êÏ▒┘è┘â┘ê ┘àϼ┘àϬÏ╣Ï® ┘èÏ┤┘â┘ä┘êϺ ┘àϺ ┘èÏ╣Ï▒┘ü ϿϺÏ│┘à ϼÏ▓Ï▒ Ϻ┘äÏú┘åϬ┘è┘ä Ϻ┘ä┘âÏ¿Ï▒┘ë Ϻ┘ä┘à┘â┘ê┘åÏ® ┘à┘å Ϻ┘äÏÁÏ«┘êÏ▒ Ϻ┘ä┘éϺÏ▒┘èÏ®.
ϬϡϬ┘ä ϼ┘à┘ç┘êÏ▒┘èÏ® ┘çϺ┘è┘èϬ┘è Ϻ┘äϽ┘äϽ Ϻ┘äÏ║Ï▒Ï¿┘è ┘à┘å ┘çÏ│┘ÆÏ¿┘ÄϺ┘å┘è┘Å┘ê┘äϺÏî┘ü┘è Ï¡┘è┘å Ϭ┘ÅÏ║┘ÄÏÀ┘É┘è ϼ┘à┘ç┘êÏ▒┘èÏ® Ϻ┘äÏ»┘ê┘à┘è┘å┘è┘âϺ┘å Ͻ┘äϽ┘è┘çϺ Ϻ┘äÏ┤Ï▒┘é┘è┘è┘åÏî┘èÏÀ┘ä┘é Ï│┘âϺ┘å Ϻ┘äϼÏ▓┘èÏ▒Ï® Ϻ┘äÏúÏÁ┘ä┘è┘è┘å Ï╣┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äϼÏ▓┘èÏ▒Ï® ϺÏ│┘à ┘â┘ê┘èÏ│┘â┘ê┘èϺ. ┘àÏ│┘à┘ë ┘çϺ┘èϬ┘è ÏúÏÀ┘ä┘é ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äÏúÏÁ┘ä Ï╣┘ä┘ë ϺÏ│┘à Ϻ┘äϼÏ▓┘èÏ▒Ï® ┘â┘ä┘çϺ ┘ê┘ä┘à ┘è┘éÏÁÏ» Ï¿┘çϺ ϼÏ▓Ïñ┘çϺ Ϻ┘äÏ║Ï▒Ï¿┘è ┘ü┘éÏÀ. ┘ê ┘éÏ» ┘âϺ┘å ϺÏ│┘à ϼ┘à┘ç┘êÏ▒┘èÏ® Ϻ┘äÏ»┘ê┘à┘å┘è┘âϺ┘å ┘ä┘àϻϮ ┘à┘å Ϻ┘äÏ▓┘à┘å ┘çϺ┘èϬ┘è Ϻ┘äÏÑÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘èÏ®.
ϼÏ▓┘èÏ▒Ï® ┘ç┘èÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘è┘ê┘äϺ
ÔÇó Ϻ┘ä┘à┘ê┘éÏ╣:Ϻ┘äÏ¿Ï¡Ï▒ Ϻ┘ä┘âϺÏ▒┘èÏ¿┘è.
ÔÇó Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ│ϺϡϮ: ┘àÏ│ϺϡϮ Ϻ┘äϼÏ▓┘èÏ▒Ï® Ϻ┘ä┘â┘ä┘èÏ® ┘ç┘è Ï¡┘êϺ┘ä┘è 76,480 ┘â┘à2.
ÔÇó Ï╣ϻϻ Ϻ┘äÏ│┘âϺ┘å:┘èÏ¿┘äÏ║ Ï╣ϻϻ Ï│┘âϺ┘å Ϻ┘äϼÏ▓┘èÏ▒Ï®18,466,497Ï¡Ï│Ï¿ Ϭ┘éÏ»┘èÏ▒ϺϬ 2005 ┘à ,┘à┘å┘ç┘à 8┘à┘äϺ┘è┘è┘å ┘ü┘è ┘çϺ┘è┘èϬ┘è9,7 ┘à┘äϺ┘è┘è┘å ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äÏ»┘ê┘à┘å┘è┘âϺ┘å. ┘ê┘â┘ä┘ç┘à Ϭ┘éÏ▒┘èÏ¿┘ïϺ ÏÑ┘àϺ Ï│┘êÏ»Ïî ┘êÏÑ┘àϺ ┘è┘åÏ¡Ï»Ï▒┘ê┘å ┘à┘å ÏúÏÁ┘ê┘ä ┘àϫϬ┘äÏÀÏ® ┘à┘å Ϻ┘äÏ¿┘èÏ ┘êϺ┘äÏ│┘êÏ». ┘ê┘èÏ╣┘èÏ┤ Ïú┘âϽÏ▒ ┘à┘å ┘åÏÁ┘ü Ϻ┘äÏ│┘âϺ┘å ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘ä┘à┘åϺÏÀ┘é Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘è┘ü┘èÏ®.
ÔÇó ┘êϺ┘äϼÏ▓┘èÏ▒Ï® ϬϬ┘êÏ▓Ï╣ Ï¿┘è┘å ϼ┘à┘ç┘êÏ▒┘èÏ® ┘çϺ┘è┘èϬ┘è ┘ê ϼ┘à┘ç┘êÏ▒┘èÏ® Ϻ┘äÏ»┘ê┘à┘è┘å┘è┘âϺ┘å.
ÔÇó ┘çϺ┘è┘èϬ┘è:Ïú┘âÏ¿Ï▒ ┘àÏ»┘è┘åÏ® Ï¿┘êÏ▒Ϭ Ïú┘êÏ¿Ï▒┘åÏ│.
ÔÇó Ϻ┘äÏ»┘ê┘à┘è┘å┘è┘âϺ┘å:Ïú┘âÏ¿Ï▒ ┘àÏ»┘è┘åÏ® Ï│Ϻ┘åϬ┘ê Ï»┘ê┘à┘è┘åϼ┘ê.
┘åÏ¿Ï░Ï® ϬϺÏ▒┘èÏ«┘èÏ®:
┘ü┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äÏú┘àÏ▒┘è┘âϬ┘è┘å Ïú┘ê Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ϻ┘ä┘à Ϻ┘äϼϻ┘èÏ» ┘â┘àϺ ┘èÏ│┘à┘ëÏî Ïú┘ê ┘åÏÁ┘ü Ϻ┘ä┘âÏ▒Ï® Ϻ┘äÏ║Ï▒Ï¿┘è ┘â┘àϺ ┘èÏÀ┘ä┘é Ï╣┘ä┘è┘ç ÏúÏ¡┘èϺ┘åϺ┘ï ┘è┘êϼϻ Ϻ┘äÏÑÏ│┘äϺ┘à ┘à┘àϽ┘äϺ┘ï ┘ü┘è Ï╣ϻϻ ┘èÏ▓┘èÏ» Ï╣┘ä┘ë ÏúÏ▒Ï¿Ï╣Ï® ┘à┘äϺ┘è┘è┘å ┘ê┘åÏÁ┘ü Ϻ┘ä┘à┘ä┘è┘ê┘å ┘à┘å Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ│┘ä┘à┘è┘å Ïî ┘ê┘éÏ» Ï»┘äϬ Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï»┘èÏ» ┘à┘å Ϻ┘äÏúÏ»┘äÏ® Ï╣┘ä┘ë Ï░┘ä┘âÏî┘à┘å┘çϺ Ï╣┘ä┘ë Ï│Ï¿┘è┘ä Ϻ┘ä┘àϽϺ┘ä Ϻ┘äϬ┘éϺ┘ä┘èÏ» Ϻ┘ä┘à┘êÏ▒┘êϽϮ Ï╣┘åÏ» Ϻ┘ä┘ç┘å┘êÏ» ϿϺ┘äÏú┘àÏ▒┘è┘âϬ┘è┘åÏî┘ê┘à┘å┘çϺ Ϻ┘äϬÏúϽ┘èÏ▒ Ϻ┘äÏú┘üÏ▒┘è┘é┘è ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äÏÁ┘åϺÏ╣Ï® Ϻ┘äϬ┘é┘ä┘èÏ»┘èÏ® ┘äÏ»┘ë Ϻ┘ä┘ç┘å┘êÏ» Ϻ┘äÏú┘àÏ▒┘è┘â┘è┘è┘åÏî┘ê┘à┘å┘çϺ ┘àϺ Ï╣ϽÏ▒ Ï╣┘ä┘è┘ç ┘à┘å ÏóϽϺÏ▒ ┘à┘âϬ┘êÏ¿Ï® ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äÏÁÏ«Ï▒ ┘ü┘è 90 ┘à┘ê┘éÏ╣Ϻ┘ï Ï¿Ïú┘àÏ▒┘è┘âϺ Ϻ┘äϼ┘å┘êÏ¿┘èÏ® ┘êϺ┘ä┘êÏ│ÏÀ┘ë- Ϻ┘äϬ┘è Ϭ┘éÏ╣ Ï¿┘çϺ ϼÏ▓Ï▒ ┘çÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘è┘ê┘äϺ- ┘âϬϿϬ Ï¿Ï¡Ï▒┘ê┘ü ┘à┘å ┘äÏ║Ï® Ϻ┘ä┘àϺ┘åÏ»┘åϼ Ï¿Ï║Ï▒Ï¿ Ïú┘üÏ▒┘è┘é┘èϺÏî┘ê┘à┘å Ϻ┘äÏúÏ»┘äÏ® Ϭ┘ä┘â┘à Ϻ┘äÏ¿Ï╣ϽϺϬ Ϻ┘ä┘âÏ┤┘ü┘èÏ® Ϻ┘äϬ┘è ÏúÏ▒Ï│┘ä┘çϺ ┘à┘ä┘ê┘â Ï»┘ê┘äÏ® ┘àϺ┘ä┘è Ϻ┘äÏÑÏ│┘äϺ┘à┘èÏ® ┘ü┘è Ï║Ï▒Ï¿┘è Ïú┘üÏ▒┘è┘é┘èϺ ┘ü┘è Ï╣┘çÏ» ┘àϺ┘åÏ│ ÏúÏ¿┘ê Ï¿┘âÏ▒Ïî┘êÏ¡┘â┘ë ┘éÏÁϬ┘çϺ Ϻ┘äÏ│┘äÏÀϺ┘å ┘àϺ┘åÏ│┘è ┘ü┘è ϡϼ┘ç ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏ¿┘éϺÏ╣ Ϻ┘ä┘à┘éÏ»Ï│Ï®Ïî Ï¡┘èϽ ┘àÏ▒ ϿϺ┘ä┘éϺ┘çÏ▒Ï®Ïî ┘ê┘éÏÁ ┘çÏ░Ϻ Ï╣┘ä┘ë Ï│┘äÏÀϺ┘å ┘àÏÁÏ▒Ïî ┘êÏúÏ┤ϺÏ▒ ÏÑ┘ä┘è┘çϺ Ϻ┘ä┘àÏñÏ▒Ï« Ϻ┘äÏ╣┘àÏ▒┘è.
┘ê┘ä┘éÏ» Ï│Ï¿┘éϬ ┘çÏ░┘ç Ϻ┘äÏ▒Ï¡┘äϺϬ Ϻ┘ä┘âÏ┤┘ü┘èÏ® Ϻ┘äÏÑÏ│┘äϺ┘à┘èÏ® ┘êÏÁ┘ê┘ä ┘â┘ê┘ä┘àÏ¿Ï│ Ï¿┘Ç180 Ï│┘åϮϡÏ│Ï¿┘àϺ ÏúϽϿϬϬ Ï»Ï▒ϺÏ│ϺϬ ϬϺÏ▒┘èÏ«┘èÏ® ┘äÏ╣┘ä┘àϺÏí Ï║Ï▒Ï¿┘è┘è┘åÏî Ï¡┘èϽ ┘êϼϻϬ Ï╣┘à┘äÏ® ┘àÏ╣Ï»┘å┘èÏ® Ï╣Ï▒Ï¿┘èÏ® ÏÁ┘âϬ Ï│┘åÏ® 800┘ç┘ÇÏî ┘êϺ┘âϬÏ┤┘üϬ ┘ü┘è Ï│┘êϺϡ┘ä Ïú┘àÏ▒┘è┘âϺ Ϻ┘äϼ┘å┘êÏ¿┘èÏ®. ┘êϬÏ▒ϼÏ╣ ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏú┘åÏ»┘äÏ│Ïî ┘à┘àϺ ┘èϽϿϬ Ïú┘å ┘àÏ│┘ä┘à┘è ┘éÏ▒ÏÀÏ¿Ï®Ïî┘êÏÁ┘ä┘êϺ ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ϻ┘ä┘à Ϻ┘äϼϻ┘èÏ» ┘éÏ¿┘ä ┘â┘ê┘ä┘àÏ¿Ï│Ïî┘ê┘ä┘éÏ» ÏúÏ┤ϺÏ▒ Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ│Ï╣┘êÏ»┘è ┘ü┘è ┘àÏ▒┘êϼ Ϻ┘äÏ░┘çÏ¿ (┘âϬϿ Ï│┘åÏ® 339┘ç┘Ç-956┘à) ÏÑ┘ä┘ë ┘âϬϺϿ ┘ä┘ç (Ϻ┘âϿϺÏ▒ Ϻ┘äÏ▓┘àϺ┘å) ÏúÏ┤ϺÏ▒ ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ï▒Ï¡┘äϺϬ ┘àÏ│┘ä┘à┘è ┘éÏ▒ÏÀÏ¿Ï® Ï╣Ï¿Ï▒ Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ¡┘èÏÀ Ϻ┘äÏúÏÀ┘ä┘åÏÀ┘è (Ï¿Ï¡Ï▒ Ϻ┘äÏ©┘ä┘àϺϬ).
┘ê┘ä┘éÏ» ϺÏ│Ϭ┘üϺϻ ┘â┘ê┘ä┘àÏ¿Ï│ ┘à┘å Ï▒Ï¡┘äϺϬ Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ│┘ä┘à┘è┘å Ï╣Ï¿Ï▒ Ϻ┘äÏúÏÀ┘ä┘åÏÀ┘è ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ϻ┘ä┘à Ϻ┘äϼϻ┘èÏ» ┘ü┘è Ï▒Ï¡┘äϺϬ┘ç Ϻ┘ä┘âÏ┤┘ü┘èÏ®Ïî ┘ü┘ä┘éÏ» Ï░┘âÏ▒ ┘ü┘è Ï│ϼ┘äϺϬ Ï▒Ï¡┘äϺϬ┘ç : Ïú┘å Ϻ┘ä┘ç┘å┘êÏ» Ϻ┘äÏú┘àÏ▒┘è┘â┘è┘è┘å ϡϻϽ┘ê┘ç Ï╣┘å Ï╣┘äϺ┘éϺϬ ϬϼϺÏ▒┘èÏ® Ï│ϺϿ┘éÏ® ┘àÏ╣ Ϻ┘äÏú┘üÏ▒┘è┘é┘è┘è┘åÏî ┘ê┘ä┘éÏ» Ï┤Ϻ┘çÏ» Ϻ┘àÏ▒┘èϼ┘ê ┘üÏ│Ï¿┘êÏ┤┘è ┘ü┘è ┘êÏ│ÏÀ Ϻ┘äÏúÏÀ┘ä┘åÏÀ┘è ┘ü┘è Ï╣┘êϻϬ┘çÏî Ï▓┘êϺÏ▒┘é Ϻ┘ä┘àϺ┘åÏ»┘è┘åϼ ┘à┘å Ï║Ϻ┘àÏ¿┘èϺ ┘ü┘è Ï║Ï▒Ï¿┘è Ïú┘üÏ▒┘è┘é┘èϺÏî┘ê┘ç┘âÏ░Ϻ ┘âϺ┘å Ϻ┘ä┘êÏÁ┘ê┘ä Ϻ┘äÏú┘ê┘ä ┘ä┘äÏÑÏ│┘äϺ┘à ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ϻ┘ä┘à Ϻ┘äϼϻ┘èÏ» ┘àÏ¿┘âÏ▒Ϻ┘ïÏî ┘êϬ┘ä┘ë Ï░┘ä┘â ┘êÏÁ┘ê┘ä ÏóÏ«Ï▒ Ϭ┘àϽ┘ä ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ│┘ä┘à┘è┘å Ϻ┘äÏ░┘è┘å ┘éÏ»┘à┘êϺ ┘àÏ╣ Ϻ┘äÏúÏ│ϿϺ┘å ┘êϺ┘äÏ¿Ï▒ϬÏ║Ϻ┘ä┘è┘è┘åÏîÏú┘ê┘äϪ┘â Ϻ┘äÏ░┘è┘å ┘âϺ┘å┘êϺ ┘è┘âϬ┘à┘ê┘å ÏÑÏ│┘äϺ┘à┘ç┘à Ï«┘ê┘üϺ┘ï ┘à┘å Ï¿ÏÀÏ┤ ┘àϡϺ┘â┘à Ϻ┘äϬ┘üϬ┘èÏ┤ Ϻ┘äÏúÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘èÏ® ┘êϺ┘äÏ¿Ï▒ϬÏ║Ϻ┘ä┘èÏ®Ïî ┘ê┘âÏ░┘ä┘â Ϭ┘àϽ┘ä ┘çÏ░Ϻ Ϻ┘ä┘êÏÁ┘ê┘ä ┘ü┘è┘àϺ ϼ┘äÏ¿┘ç Ϻ┘äÏú┘êÏ▒Ï¿┘è┘ê┘å ┘à┘å Ï▒┘é┘è┘é ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏú┘àÏ▒┘è┘âϬ┘è┘å.
Ï╣┘ä┘à┘åϺ Ïú┘å Ϻ┘äÏú┘êÏ▒Ï¿┘è┘è┘å ┘å┘é┘ä┘êϺ Ϻ┘ä┘à┘äϺ┘è┘è┘å ┘à┘å Ϻ┘äÏ▓┘å┘êϼ Ϻ┘äÏú┘üÏ▒┘è┘é┘è┘è┘åÏî┘ê┘çÏ░┘ç Ϻ┘äÏúÏ╣ϻϺϻ Ϻ┘ä┘çϺϪ┘äÏ® ┘à┘å Ϻ┘äÏú┘üÏ▒┘è┘é┘è┘è┘å ϿϺ┘äÏú┘àÏ▒┘è┘âϬ┘è┘å ┘ç┘à ÏúÏ¡┘üϺϻ Ïú┘ê┘äϪ┘â Ϻ┘äÏúϼϻϺϻÏî ┘ü┘ü┘è Ϻ┘ä┘ê┘äϺ┘èϺϬ Ϻ┘ä┘àϬϡϻϮ ┘êÏ¡Ï»┘çϺ ┘àϺ ┘è┘å┘è┘ü Ï╣┘ä┘ë 27 ┘à┘ä┘è┘ê┘åϺ┘ï ┘à┘å Ϻ┘äÏú┘üϺÏ▒┘éÏ®Ïî ┘üÏÑÏ░Ϻ ÏúÏÂ┘ü┘åϺ ÏÑ┘ä┘è┘ç┘à ┘àϺ ┘è┘êϼϻ ┘à┘å┘ç┘à Ï¿Ïú┘àÏ▒┘è┘âϺ Ϻ┘ä┘êÏ│ÏÀ┘ë┘êϺ┘äÏ¿Ï¡Ï▒ Ϻ┘ä┘âϺÏ▒┘èÏ¿┘è ┘êÏú┘àÏ▒┘è┘âϺ Ϻ┘äϼ┘å┘êÏ¿┘èÏ®Ïî Ϭ┘â┘ê┘å Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ¡ÏÁ┘äÏ® ┘éÏ▒┘èÏ¿Ï® ┘à┘å ┘àϺϪϮ ┘à┘ä┘è┘ê┘å Ïú┘üÏ▒┘è┘é┘èÏî ┘à┘àϺ ┘äϺÏ┤┘â ┘ü┘è┘ç Ïú┘å Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ│┘ä┘à┘è┘å Ï┤┘â┘ä┘êϺ ┘éÏÀϺÏ╣Ϻ┘ï ┘âÏ¿┘èÏ▒Ϻ┘ï ┘à┘å Ï¿┘è┘å Ϭ┘ä┘â Ϻ┘äÏú┘ü┘êϺϼ ┘à┘å Ϻ┘äÏú┘üϺÏ▒┘éÏ® Ϻ┘äϬ┘è ϼ┘äÏ¿┘çϺ Ϻ┘äÏ║Ï▒Ï¿┘è┘ê┘å ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ϻ┘ä┘à Ϻ┘äϼϻ┘èÏ»Ïî ┘êÏ¡Ï▒┘âÏ® Ϻ┘äÏ╣┘êϻϮ ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏÑÏ│┘äϺ┘à Ï¿┘è┘å Ϻ┘äÏú┘üϺÏ▒┘éÏ® ϿϺ┘äÏ╣Ϻ┘ä┘à Ϻ┘äϼϻ┘èÏ» ϬÏ╣ÏÀ┘è ┘àÏñÏ┤Ï▒Ϻ┘ï Ï╣ϼ┘èϿϺ┘ïÏî ┘üÏÑÏ░Ϻ ┘âϺ┘åϬ Ϻ┘äÏÁ┘üϺϬ Ϻ┘ä┘êÏ▒ϺϽ┘èÏ® Ϭ┘êÏ▒Ͻ ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äÏúϼ┘åÏ®Ïî ┘ü┘åÏ¡┘å ┘å┘é┘ü Ïú┘àϺ┘à ┘àϽ┘è┘ä ┘ä┘çϺ ┘ü┘è ┘çÏ░Ϻ Ϻ┘äÏ»┘è┘å Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï©┘è┘àÏî ┘ü┘ä┘éÏ» ÏúÏ«Ï░ Ϻ┘äÏúÏ¡┘üϺϻ ┘à┘å Ϻ┘äÏú┘üϺÏ▒┘éÏ® ϿϺ┘äÏ╣Ϻ┘ä┘à Ϻ┘äϼϻ┘èÏ» ┘èÏ╣┘êÏ»┘ê┘å ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ï»┘è┘å Ϻ┘äÏúϼϻϺϻ.┘ê ϬÏ┤┘èÏ▒ Ϻ┘äÏÑÏ¡ÏÁϺÏíϺϬ Ϻ┘äÏ│┘âϺ┘å┘èÏ® ┘ü┘è Ï│┘åÏ® 1400-1401┘ç┘Ç 1980-1981┘à ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ïú┘å Ï│┘âϺ┘å Ϻ┘äÏú┘àÏ▒┘è┘âϬ┘è┘å ┘êϺ┘äÏ¿Ï¡Ï▒ Ϻ┘ä┘âϺÏ▒┘èÏ¿┘è ┘éÏ» ϬϼϺ┘êÏ▓┘êϺ 614 ┘à┘ä┘è┘ê┘å ┘åÏ│┘àÏ® ┘ê┘à┘å ┘çÏ░Ϻ Ϻ┘äÏ╣ϻϻ 4.6 ┘à┘ä┘è┘ê┘å ┘àÏ│┘ä┘àÏî Ïú┘è Ïú┘å ┘åÏ│ϿϬ┘ç┘à 0.7% ┘à┘å ϼ┘à┘äÏ® Ϻ┘äÏ│┘âϺ┘åÏî ┘êÏÑ┘å Ï©┘çÏ▒Ϭ ┘çÏ░┘ç Ϻ┘ä┘åÏ│Ï¿Ï® ÏÂϪ┘è┘äÏ® Ϻ┘äϡϼ┘àÏî ÏÑ┘äϺ Ïú┘å┘çϺ ┘åϺ┘à┘èÏ®Ïî ϬÏ▓┘èÏ» ┘àÏ╣ ┘àÏ▒┘êÏ▒ Ϻ┘äÏ▓┘à┘å.
ϼ┘à┘äÏ® Ϻ┘ä┘é┘ê┘ä Ïú┘å Ϻ┘äÏú┘üϺÏ▒┘éÏ® ┘ç┘à Ïú┘ê┘ä ┘à┘å Ϻ┘âϬÏ┤┘ü┘êϺ ┘çÏ░┘ç Ϻ┘äϼÏ▓┘èÏ▒Ï® ┘êϺÏ│Ϭ┘éÏ▒┘æ┘êϺ Ï¿┘çϺ.┘üÏ╣┘åÏ»┘àϺ Ϭ┘êϼ┘çϬ Ï¡┘Ä┘à┘Ä┘äϺϬ Ϻ┘ä┘âÏ┤┘ê┘ü Ϻ┘äϼÏ║Ï▒Ϻ┘ü┘èÏ® ┘ü┘è Ï╣Ϻ┘à 898 ┘çϼÏ▒┘èÏ® (1492 ┘à┘è┘äϺϻ┘èÏ®) Ï¿┘é┘èϺϻϮ ┘â┘ê┘ä┘àÏ¿Ï│ ϺÏ│Ϭ┘éÏ¿┘ä┘ç Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ│┘ä┘à┘ê┘å Ϻ┘äÏú┘üϺÏ▒┘éÏ® ┘êÏ╣Ϻ┘ê┘å┘ê┘ç ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘âϬÏ┤Ϻ┘ü ┘àϼϺ┘ç┘ä ┘çÏ░┘ç Ϻ┘äϼÏ▓┘èÏ▒Ï® ┘ê┘àÏ╣Ϻ┘ä┘à┘çϺ Ϻ┘äϼÏ║Ï▒Ϻ┘ü┘èÏ® ┘êÏ│┘àϺ┘çϺ Ïú┘è┘äϺ ÏÑÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘è┘ê┘äϺ Ïú┘è Ϻ┘äϼÏ▓┘èÏ▒Ï® Ϻ┘äÏúÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘èÏ® ┘ê┘ç┘âÏ░Ϻ ÏúÏ│Ï│ Ïú┘ê┘ä ┘àÏ│ϬÏ╣┘àÏ▒Ï®ÏúÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘èÏ® ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ϻ┘ä┘à.
┘ê┘ç┘âÏ░Ϻ Ϭϻ┘ü┘é Ï╣ϻϻ ┘à┘å Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï¿┘èÏ» Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ│┘ä┘à┘è┘å ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äϼÏ▓┘èÏ▒Ï® Ï╣┘ä┘ë ┘èÏ» Ϻ┘äÏÑÏ│ϿϺ┘å ┘ü┘éϺ┘à┘êϺ ϿϽ┘êÏ▒Ï® ÏÂÏ»┘ç┘à ┘ü┘è 1522 ┘à ┘ü┘éϺ┘àϬ ÏÑÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘èϺ Ï¿┘àÏ╣Ϻ┘ê┘åÏ® Ϻ┘äÏ│┘âϺ┘å Ϻ┘äÏúÏÁ┘ä┘è┘è┘å Ï¿┘é┘àÏ╣┘çϺ. ┘ê┘ü┘è┘çϺ ┘éϺ┘ä Ï»┘è┘èϼ┘ê ┘â┘ê┘ä┘ê┘àÏ¿┘êÏ│ ┬½ÏÑ┘å ┘ä┘à Ϭ┘é┘àÏ╣ Ϻ┘äϽ┘êÏ▒Ï® Ï¿Ï│Ï▒Ï╣Ï® ┘ä┘âϺ┘åϬ ┘éÏ» ÏúÏ▒┘è┘éϬ Ï»┘àϺÏí Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ▓┘èÏ» ┘à┘å Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ│┘èÏ¡┘è┘è┘å┬╗. ┘éϺ┘àϬ ÏÑÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘èϺ Ï¿ÏÑϼ┘äϺÏí Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ│┘ä┘à┘è┘å Ï╣┘å Ϻ┘äϼÏ▓┘èÏ▒Ï® ┘êÏÑÏ¿Ï╣Ϻϻ┘ç┘à Ï╣┘å┘çϺ.
┘ê┘éÏ» Ï«ÏÂÏ╣Ϭ ┘çÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘è┘ê┘äϺ ┘ä┘äϺÏ│ϬÏ╣┘àϺÏ▒ Ϻ┘äÏúÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘è ┘à┘åÏ░ ┘çÏ░Ϻ Ϻ┘ä┘ê┘éϬ, ┘ü┘éϺ┘àϬ ÏúÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘èϺ ϿϬ┘éÏ│┘è┘à Ϻ┘äϼÏ▓┘èÏ▒Ï® ┘ü┘è ┘àϡϺ┘ê┘äÏ® ┘äϬ┘üÏ▒┘éÏ® Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ│┘ä┘à┘è┘å .. ┘êÏúÏÀ┘ä┘éϬ Ï╣┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äϼÏ▓Ïí Ϻ┘äÏ┤Ï▒┘é┘è ┘à┘å ┘çÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘è┘ê┘äϺ ϺÏ│┘à " Ϻ┘äÏ»┘ê┘à┘è┘å┘âϺ┘å" ┘êÏ«ÏÁÏÁϬ ┘ä┘çϺ Ͻ┘äϽ┘è ┘àÏ│ϺϡϮ Ϻ┘äϼÏ▓┘èÏ▒Ï® .. ┘â┘àϺ ϺϫϬϺÏ▒Ϭ ┘àÏ»┘è┘åÏ® " Ï│Ϻ┘åϬ Ï»┘à┘åϼ┘ê" Ï╣ϺÏÁ┘àÏ® ┘ä┘çϺ .. ┘ê┘éÏ» Ï¡ÏÁ┘äϬ Ϻ┘äÏ»┘ê┘à┘è┘å┘âϺ┘å Ï╣┘ä┘ë ϺÏ│Ϭ┘é┘äϺ┘ä┘çϺ Ï╣┘å Ϻ┘äϺÏ│ϬÏ╣┘àϺÏ▒ Ϻ┘äÏúÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘è Ͻ┘à Ϻ┘ä┘üÏ▒┘åÏ│┘è ┘êÏ░┘ä┘â ┘ü┘è Ï╣Ϻ┘à 1260 ┘çϼÏ▒┘èÏ®.
Ïú┘àϺ Ϻ┘äϼÏ▓Ïí Ϻ┘äÏ║Ï▒Ï¿┘è ┘à┘å ϼÏ▓┘èÏ▒Ï® ┘çÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘è┘ê┘äϺ ┘ü┘éÏ» ϬÏúÏ│Ï│Ϭ Ï¿┘ç Ï»┘ê┘äÏ® "┘çϺ┘èϬ┘è".. ┘ê┘éÏ» ϺϡϬ┘äϬ┘çϺ ┘üÏ▒┘åÏ│Ϻ Ï╣Ϻ┘à 1036 ┘çϼÏ▒┘èÏ® ( 1626┘à┘è┘äϺϻ┘èÏ® ) ┘êÏÀÏ▒ϻϬ ÏúÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘èϺ ┘à┘å┘çϺ .. ϡϬ┘ë Ï¡ÏÁ┘äϬ ┘çϺ┘èϬ┘è Ï╣┘ä┘ë ϺÏ│Ϭ┘é┘äϺ┘ä┘çϺ ┘ü┘è Ï╣Ϻ┘à 1219 ┘çϼÏ▒┘èÏ® ( 1804 ┘à┘è┘äϺϻ┘èÏ® ) ┘ü┘âϺ┘åϬ Ïú┘ê┘ä ϼ┘à┘ç┘êÏ▒┘èÏ® Ï▓┘åϼ┘èÏ® ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ϻ┘ä┘à ┘â┘ä┘ç.
┘êÏúÏ║┘äÏ¿ Ï│┘âϺ┘å " ┘çϺ┘èϬ┘è" ┘à┘å Ϻ┘äÏ▓┘å┘êϼ Ϻ┘äÏú┘üϺÏ▒┘éÏ® Ϻ┘äÏ░┘è┘å ϺÏ│Ϭ┘éÏ▒┘êϺ ┘ü┘è ϼÏ▓┘èÏ▒Ï® ┘çÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘è┘ê┘äϺ ┘à┘åÏ░ ┘å┘çϺ┘èÏ® Ϻ┘ä┘éÏ▒┘å Ϻ┘äϫϺ┘àÏ│ Ϻ┘ä┘çϼÏ▒┘ë ϿϺ┘äÏÑÏÂϺ┘üÏ® ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ï╣ϻϻ ÏóÏ«Ï▒ ┘à┘å Ϻ┘äÏú┘üϺÏ▒┘éÏ® Ϻ┘äÏ░┘è┘å ϼ┘äϿϬ┘ç┘à ┘üÏ▒┘åÏ│Ϻ ┘à┘å Ï║Ï▒Ï¿ Ïú┘üÏ▒┘è┘é┘èϺ.
ÏÑ┘ä┘ë ┘ç┘åϺ ┘åϬ┘ê┘é┘ü ┘àÏ╣ ┘êÏ╣Ï» Ï¿┘à┘êϺÏÁ┘äÏ® Ï▒Ï¡┘äϬ┘åϺ ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äÏ¡┘ä┘éÏ® Ϻ┘ä┘éϺϻ┘àÏ® ÏÑ┘å Ï┤ϺÏí Ϻ┘ä┘ä┘ç ┘ä┘åϬÏ╣Ï▒┘ü ϡϺ┘ä Ϻ┘äÏÑÏ│┘äϺ┘à ┘ü┘è ┘çÏ│ϿϺ┘å┘è┘ê┘äϺ┘ê ┘ê┘âÏ░┘ä┘â ┘åϡϺ┘ê┘ä Ϭ┘ü┘éÏ» ÏúÏ¡┘êϺ┘ä Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ│┘ä┘à┘è┘å ┘ç┘åϺ┘â ┘êϺ┘äϬÏ╣Ï▒┘ü Ï╣┘ä┘ë ┘àÏ┤Ϻ┘â┘ä┘ç┘à ┘êÏúÏ¿Ï▒Ï▓ Ϻ┘äϬϡϻ┘èϺϬ Ϻ┘äϬ┘è Ϭ┘êϺϼ┘ç┘ç┘à ┘üÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘ä┘à┘äϬ┘é┘ë.
┘èϬϿÏ╣ ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äÏ¡┘ä┘éÏ® Ϻ┘ä┘éϺϻ┘àÏ®
Ϻ┘å Ï┤ϺÏí Ϻ┘ä┘ä┘ç
Ϭϡ┘èϺϬ
┘àϺϼϻ Ϻ┘äÏ¿┘ä┘ê┘è
