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Ï▒Ï¡┘äÏ® Ϻ┘äϻϺ┘å┘àϺÏ▒┘â┘è (┘å┘èÏ¿┘êÏ▒) Ϻ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ϻ┘é ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘ä┘éÏ▒┘å Ϻ┘äϽϺ┘à┘å Ï╣Ï┤Ï▒ (Ï¡ 1)..σσ
Ï▒Ï¡┘äÏ® Ϻ┘äϻϺ┘å┘àϺÏ▒┘â┘è (┘å┘èÏ¿┘êÏ▒) Ϻ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ϻ┘é ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘ä┘éÏ▒┘å Ϻ┘äϽϺ┘à┘å Ï╣Ï┤Ï▒ (Ï¡ 1)..σσ
Ϻ┘äÏ│┘äϺ┘à Ï╣┘ä┘è┘â┘à
Ϻ┘ä┘éÏ│┘à Ϻ┘äÏú┘ê┘ä
┘äÏ╣┘ä ┘à┘å Ϻ┘éÏ»┘à Ϻ┘äÏ▒Ï¡┘äϺϬ Ϻ┘äϬ┘è ┘éϺ┘à Ï¿┘çϺ Ï▒ϼ┘ä Ϻ┘êÏ▒Ï¿┘è Ϻ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ϻ┘é ┘êϺϻ┘é┘çϺ ┘êϺ┘âϽÏ▒┘çϺ Ï╣┘ä┘à┘èÏ® ┘ê┘éÏ»Ï▒Ï® Ï╣┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏ║┘êÏÁ ┘ü┘è ϬϺÏ▒┘èÏ« ┘êϺϽϺÏ▒ ┘êÏ¿Ï┤Ï▒ ϺÏ▒Ï ┘àϺ Ï¿┘è┘å Ϻ┘ä┘å┘çÏ▒┘è┘å ┘ç┘è Ϭ┘ä┘â Ϻ┘äÏ▒Ï¡┘äÏ® Ϻ┘äϬ┘è ┘éϺ┘à Ï¿┘çϺ Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ│Ϭ┘âÏ┤┘ü Ϻ┘äϻϺ┘å┘àϺÏ▒┘â┘è ( ┘âϺÏ▒Ï│Ϭ┘å ┘å┘èÏ¿┘êÏ▒ ) ϿϬ┘â┘ä┘è┘ü ┘à┘å ┘à┘ä┘â Ϻ┘äϻϺ┘å┘àϺÏ▒┘â ┘êϺ┘äϬ┘è Ϻ┘àϬϻϬ Ï│Ϭ Ï│┘å┘êϺϬ ÏÀ┘êϺ┘ä Ï╣┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘àϬϻϺϻ Ϻ┘ä┘üϬÏ▒Ï® ( 1761 ÔÇô 1767 ) .
┘çÏ░┘ç Ϻ┘äÏ▒Ï¡┘äÏ® Ϻ┘äÏ╣┘ä┘à┘èÏ® Ϻ┘äÏ▒ϺϪÏ╣Ï® ϺϿϬϻÏúϬ ┘à┘å ┘â┘êÏ¿┘å┘çϺÏ║┘å Ͻ┘à ϺÏ│Ϭ┘àÏ▒Ϭ Ï╣Ï¿Ï▒ ϺÏ│ÏÀ┘åÏ¿┘ê┘ä ┘ê┘àÏÁÏ▒ ┘êϼϻϮ ┘êϺ┘ä┘è┘à┘å ┘êϺ┘ä┘ç┘åÏ» ┘êÏ¿Ï╣Ï» Ï░┘ä┘â Ï╣Ï¿Ï▒ Ï¿┘äϺϻ Ϻ┘ä┘üϺÏ▒Ï│ ┘êϺ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ϻ┘é ┘êϺ┘äÏ┤Ϻ┘à .
Ϻ┘å ┘àϺ ┘ç┘ê ┘àÏ░┘ç┘ä ┘ü┘è ┘çÏ░┘ç Ϻ┘äÏ▒Ï¡┘äÏ® Ϻ┘å Ï░┘ä┘â Ϻ┘äÏ▒ϼ┘ä Ϻ┘äÏ»┘é┘è┘é ┘êϺ┘äÏ»Ïú┘ê┘êÏ¿ ┘ê Ϻ┘ä┘àϬ┘àÏ│┘â Ï¿┘éÏ»Ï│┘èÏ® Ï╣┘à┘ä┘ç ┘êÏ╣┘ä┘à┘èϬ┘ç ϺÏ│ϬÏÀϺÏ╣ Ϻ┘å ┘èϫϬ┘äÏÀ ϿϺ┘ä┘åϺÏ│ Ϻ┘äÏ¿Ï│ÏÀϺÏí ┘êϺ┘å ┘èÏ¡ÏÁ┘ä ┘à┘å┘ç┘à Ï╣┘ä┘ë ┘àÏ╣┘ä┘ê┘àϺϬ ϽÏ▒┘ç Ï╣┘å ┘à┘åϺÏÀ┘é┘ç┘à ┘êÏ╣ϺϻϺϬ┘ç┘à ┘êϬ┘éϺ┘ä┘èÏ»┘ç┘à ┘êÏ│ϼ┘ä ┘â┘ä Ï░┘ä┘â Ï¿Ï»┘éÏ® ┘ê┘åÏ▓Ϻ┘çÏ® ┘é┘ä┘ï ┘åÏ©┘èÏ▒┘çϺ .
┘ä┘éÏ» Ï¿┘äÏ║Ϭ Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êÏ¡ Ϻ┘äÏ╣┘ä┘à┘èÏ® Ï¿┘çÏ░Ϻ Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ│Ϭ┘âÏ┤┘ü Ϻ┘äÏ¡Ï▒┘èÏÁ Ϻ┘å┘ç Ï│ϼ┘ä ϺÏ│┘àϺÏí ┘â┘ä Ϻ┘ä┘éÏ▒┘ë ┘êϺ┘äÏú┘å┘çϺÏ▒ Ï╣┘ä┘ë Ï«Ï▒ϺϪÏÀ Ï▒Ï│┘à┘çϺ Ï«ÏÁ┘èÏÁϺ ϺÏÂϺ┘üÏ® Ϻ┘ä┘ë ϺÏ│┘àϺÏí Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï┤ϺϪÏ▒ ┘êϺ┘äÏ¡┘âϺ┘à ┘êÏÀÏ▒ϺÏ▓ Ï¡┘èϺϮ Ϻ┘ä┘åϺÏ│ ┘ê┘â┘ä Ï┤ϺÏ▒ϻϮ ┘ê┘êϺÏ▒ϻϮ ┘ê┘â┘ä ┘àϺ ┘èÏ«ÏÀÏ▒┘ê┘àϺ ┘äϺ ┘èÏ«ÏÀÏ▒ Ï╣┘ä┘ë ϿϺ┘ä Ϻϡϻ .
Ï¿┘ä ┘è┘é┘èÏ│ Ï╣Ï▒Ï Ϻ┘äÏú┘å┘çϺÏ▒ ┘ê┘à┘åϺÏ│┘èÏ¿┘çϺ ┘àϽ┘ä Ϻ┘ä┘å┘è┘ä ┘êÏ┤ÏÀ Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ï¿ ┘êϻϼ┘äÏ® ┘êϺ┘ä┘üÏ▒ϺϬ ┘ü┘è ┘àϫϬ┘ä┘ü Ϻ┘ä┘à┘åϺÏÀ┘é ┘ü┘è Ï░┘ä┘â Ϻ┘ä┘ê┘éϬ Ϻ┘äÏ░┘è ┘âϺ┘åϬ Ϭ┘åÏ╣Ï»┘à ┘ü┘è┘ç Ϻ┘äÏúϼ┘çÏ▓Ï® ┘êϺ┘ä┘àÏ╣ϻϺϬ Ϻ┘äÏ╣┘ä┘à┘èÏ® Ϻ┘äÏ»┘é┘è┘éÏ® ┘â┘àϺ ┘è┘é┘èÏ│ Ï«ÏÀ┘êÏÀ Ϻ┘äÏÀ┘ê┘ä ┘êϺ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ï ┘êÏ»Ï▒ϼϺϬ Ϻ┘äÏ¡Ï▒ϺÏ▒Ï® Ϻ┘äÏ« .
Ï¿┘ä ┘ê┘èÏ│ϼ┘ä ϺÏ│┘àϺÏí Ϻ┘äÏ¡┘âϺ┘à Ϻ┘äϡϺ┘ä┘è┘è┘å ┘êϺ┘äÏ│ϺϿ┘é┘è┘å ┘ü┘è ┘â┘ä Ï¿┘äÏ» Ï¡Ï│Ï¿ ┘àϺ ┘èÏ¡ÏÁ┘ä Ï╣┘ä┘è┘ç ┘à┘å ┘àÏ╣┘ä┘ê┘àϺϬ ϺÏÂϺ┘üÏ® Ϻ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏúÏ│ϺÏÀ┘èÏ▒ ┘êϺ┘ä┘éÏÁÏÁ ┘êϺ┘äÏ¡┘âϺ┘èϺϬ Ϻ┘äÏ▒ϺϪϼϮ Ï╣┘å ┘çÏñ┘äϺÏí ┘êÏ║┘èÏ▒┘ç┘à Ï│┘êϺÏí Ï▒ϼϺ┘ä Ϻ┘äÏ»┘è┘å Ϻ┘ê Ϻ┘äÏ┤Ï«ÏÁ┘èϺϬ Ϻ┘äÏ┤Ï╣Ï¿┘èÏ® . ┘ê┘âÏ░┘ä┘â ┘èÏ▒Ï│┘à Ϻ┘äÏ«Ï▒ϺϪÏÀ ┘êÏ▒Ï│┘ê┘à Ϻ┘äÏúÏ¿┘å┘èÏ® ┘êϺ┘äÏúÏ▓┘èϺÏí ┘ê┘â┘ä ┘àϺ ┘èÏ┤Ϻ┘çÏ»┘ç ┘à┘å ϺϽϺÏ▒ ┘ê┘å┘é┘êÏ┤ ┘ê┘âϬϺϿϺϬ .
┘èÏ«Ï▒ϼ ( ┘å┘èÏ¿┘êÏ▒ ) ┘àÏ╣ ┘àϼ┘à┘êÏ╣Ï® Ï╣┘ä┘à┘èÏ® ┘àÏ▒Ϻ┘ü┘éÏ® ┘à┘å ┘à┘è┘åϺÏí ( ┘â┘êÏ¿┘å┘çϺÏ║┘å ) ┘ü┘è ϬϺÏ▒┘èÏ« 4 ┘âϺ┘å┘ê┘å Ϻ┘äϽϺ┘å┘è 1761 ┘ê┘ä┘â┘å┘ç ┘äϺ ┘èÏÁ┘ä Ϻ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ϻ┘é Ï╣┘å ÏÀÏ▒┘è┘é Ï┤ÏÀ Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ï¿ ┘êϺ┘äÏ¿ÏÁÏ▒Ï® Ϻ┘äϺ ┘ü┘è Ï│┘åÏ® 1766 ┘êÏ░┘ä┘â Ï╣┘å ÏÀÏ▒┘è┘é ϼÏ▓┘èÏ▒Ï® Ï«Ï▒ϼ ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äÏ«┘ä┘èϼ ┘êϺ┘äϬ┘è ┘âϺ┘åϬ ┘àϡϬ┘äÏ® ┘à┘å ┘éÏ¿┘ä Ϻ┘ä┘ç┘ê┘ä┘åÏ»┘è┘è┘å .
┘è┘é┘ê┘ä ┘å┘èÏ¿┘êÏ▒ Ϻ┘å Ï╣ϻϻ Ï│┘âϺ┘å Ϻ┘äÏ¿ÏÁÏ▒Ï® ┘âϺ┘å ┘äϺ ┘èϬϼϺ┘êÏ▓ 50 Ϻ┘ä┘ü ┘åÏ│┘àÏ® ┘ê┘âϺ┘å Ϻ┘äϡϺ┘â┘à ┘ç┘ê ┘âÏ▒┘è┘à ϫϺ┘å ┘à┘àϽ┘ä Ϻ┘äÏ│┘äÏÀÏ® Ϻ┘äϬÏ▒┘â┘èÏ® .
┘ê┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äϼ┘çÏ® Ϻ┘äÏ┤Ï▒┘é┘èÏ® ┘äÏ┤ÏÀ Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ï¿ ┘âϺ┘å Ϭ┘é┘è┘à ┘éÏ¿┘è┘äÏ® ( ┘âÏ╣Ï¿ ) Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ï¿┘èÏ® ┘êϺ┘äϬ┘è ┘èÏ¡┘â┘à┘çϺ Ϻ┘äÏ┤┘èÏ« Ï│┘ä┘àϺ┘å Ϻ┘äϫϺÏÂÏ╣ ┘ä┘ä┘å┘ü┘êÏ░ Ϻ┘ä┘üϺÏ▒Ï│┘è ┘ê┘âϺ┘å ┘ç┘åϺ┘â ÏÁÏ▒ϺÏ╣ ϻϺϪ┘à Ï¿┘è┘å Ï│┘äÏÀϺ┘å Ϻ┘äÏ¿ÏÁÏ▒Ï® ┘êÏ┤┘èÏ« ┘éÏ¿┘è┘äÏ® ┘âÏ╣Ï¿ Ïî ┘ê┘è┘é┘ê┘ä Ϻ┘å Ϻ┘äÏ¿ÏÁÏ▒Ï® Ϻ┘ä┘éÏ»┘è┘àÏ® ┘êϺϽϺÏ▒┘çϺ Ϭ┘éÏ╣ Ï╣┘ä┘ë Ï¿Ï╣Ï» Ï╣ϻϮ Ϻ┘à┘èϺ┘ä Ï║Ï▒Ï¿ Ϻ┘äÏ¿ÏÁÏ▒Ï® Ϻ┘äϼϻ┘èϻϮ Ï¡┘èϽ Ϻ┘å ┘ü┘è┘çϺ ┘éÏ¿┘êÏ▒ Ï¿Ï╣Ï Ϻ┘äÏÁϡϺϿϮ Ϻ┘äϬ┘è ┘èÏ▓┘êÏ▒┘çϺ Ϻ┘ä┘åϺÏ│ ┘ê┘èÏ»┘ü┘å┘ê┘å ┘à┘êϬϺ┘ç┘à Ï¿┘éÏ▒Ï¿┘çϺ .
┘ê┘âϺ┘åϬ Ϻ┘äÏ│┘äÏÀϺϬ Ϻ┘äϬÏ▒┘â┘èÏ® ϬÏ│Ï╣┘ë Ϻ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äϬ┘çϻϪϮ ┘àÏ╣ ┘éÏ¿┘è┘äÏ® ┘âÏ╣Ï¿ ┘äÏú┘å┘çϺ ┘âϺ┘åϬ ϬϫÏ┤┘ë Ϻ┘å┘ç ┘ü┘è ϡϺ┘äÏ® ϺÏ┤ϬϻϺϻ Ϻ┘äÏÁÏ▒ϺÏ╣ ┘àÏ╣┘çϺ Ϻ┘å Ϭ┘çϺϼ┘à┘çϺ ┘éÏ¿┘è┘äÏ® Ϻ┘ä┘à┘åϬ┘ü┘â Ϻ┘äÏ│Ϻ┘â┘åÏ® Ï╣┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘ä┘üÏ▒ϺϬ ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äÏÀÏ▒┘è┘é Ϻ┘ä┘ë Ï¿Ï║ϻϺϻ .
┘ê┘èϬϡϻϽ Ï╣┘å ┘üÏ│Ϻϻ Ϻ┘äϼ┘èÏ┤ Ϻ┘äÏÑ┘å┘âÏ┤ϺÏ▒┘è Ϻ┘äϬÏ▒┘â┘è Ϻ┘äÏ░┘è ┘èϬ┘éϺÏÂ┘ë Ϻ┘äÏ▒Ï┤Ϻ┘ê┘è ┘ê┘è┘àϺÏ▒Ï│ Ϻ┘äÏÑϿϬÏ▓Ϻ┘ê ÏÂÏ» Ϻ┘ä┘à┘êϺÏÀ┘å┘è┘å Ϻ┘äÏ¿ÏÁÏ▒┘è┘è┘å .
┘èÏ┤┘èÏ▒ ┘å┘èÏ¿┘êÏ▒ Ϻ┘ä┘ë ┘âϽϺ┘üÏ® Ï¿Ï│ϺϬ┘è┘å Ϻ┘ä┘åÏ«┘è┘ä ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äÏ¿ÏÁÏ▒Ï® ┘êϺ┘å┘êϺÏ╣ Ϻ┘äϬ┘à┘êÏ▒ Ϻ┘äϬ┘è ┘èÏ░┘âÏ▒┘çϺ ϿϺ┘äÏÑÏ│┘à ┘àϽ┘ä Ϻ┘ä┘à┘âϬ┘ê┘à ┘êϺ┘äÏ¿Ï▒┘è┘à ┘êϺ┘äÏ«ÏÂÏ▒Ϻ┘ê┘è ┘êϺ┘äÏúÏ┤Ï▒Ï│┘è ┘êϺ┘äÏÑÏ¿Ï▒Ϻ┘ç┘è┘à┘è Ϻ┘äÏ░┘è ┘èÏÁ┘åÏ╣ ┘à┘å┘ç Ϻ┘äϻϿÏ│ Ϻ┘äÏ░┘è ┘èÏú┘â┘ä┘ç Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ï¿ ┘àÏ╣ Ϻ┘äÏ«Ï¿Ï▓ ┘â┘àϺ ┘è┘é┘ê┘ä .
┘èÏ│Ϻ┘üÏ▒ Ϻ┘ä┘ë Ï¿Ï║ϻϺϻ Ï╣Ï¿Ï▒ ┘å┘çÏ▒ Ϻ┘ä┘üÏ▒ϺϬ Ï¿┘êϺÏ│ÏÀÏ® Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ▒Ϻ┘âÏ¿ Ϻ┘äϬ┘è ┘èÏ│Ï¡Ï¿┘çϺ Ϻ┘äÏ╣┘àϺ┘ä Ï¿┘è┘å ┘àÏ¡ÏÀϺϬ ┘àϡϻϻϮ . ┘ê┘èÏ▒Ï│┘à ϫϺÏ▒ÏÀÏ® ┘å┘çÏ▒ Ϻ┘ä┘üÏ▒ϺϬ Ï¿┘è┘å Ϻ┘äÏ¿ÏÁÏ▒Ï® ┘êϺ┘äÏ¡┘äÏ® ┘êϺÏ│┘àϺÏí Ϻ┘ä┘éÏ▒┘ë Ϻ┘ä┘êϺ┘éÏ╣Ï® Ï╣┘ä┘è┘çϺ . ┘êϬÏ│┘èÏÀÏ▒ ┘éÏ¿┘è┘äÏ® Ϻ┘ä┘à┘åϬ┘ü┘â Ï╣┘ä┘ë ┘å┘çÏ▒ Ϻ┘ä┘üÏ▒ϺϬ ┘ü┘è┘àϺ ┘è┘ä┘è Ϻ┘äÏ¿ÏÁÏ▒Ï® ┘ü┘è Ï¡┘è┘å ϬÏ│┘èÏÀÏ▒ ┘éÏ¿┘è┘äÏ® Ï¿┘å┘è ┘äϺ┘à Ï╣┘ä┘ë ϻϼ┘äÏ® ┘êϺ┘ä┘äϬ┘è┘å ϬϬ┘éϺÏÂ┘èϺ┘å Ϻ┘äÏÂÏ▒ϺϪϿ ┘à┘å Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ▒Ϻ┘âÏ¿ Ϻ┘äÏ╣ϺϿÏ▒Ï® .
ϬÏúϬ┘è Ï¿Ï╣Ï» ┘éÏ¿┘è┘äÏ® Ϻ┘ä┘à┘åϬ┘ü┘â ┘éÏ¿┘è┘äÏ® Ï¿┘å┘è ϼϡ┘è┘à ┘ê┘ç┘ê ┘èÏ│┘à┘è┘çϺ
( Ï¿┘å┘è ϡϺ┘â┘à ) ┘êϬ┘ä┘è┘çϺ ┘éÏ¿┘è┘äÏ® Ϻ┘äÏ«Ï▓ϺÏ╣┘ä ..
┘ê┘èÏÁ┘å┘ü Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ï¿ Ϻ┘ä┘ë ÏÁ┘å┘ü┘è┘å Ϻ┘äÏÁ┘å┘ü Ϻ┘äÏú┘ê┘ä ┘ç┘ê Ϻ┘äÏ░┘è ┘èÏ╣┘à┘ä ┘ü┘è ϬÏ▒Ï¿┘èÏ® Ϻ┘äϼ┘àϺ┘ä ┘ê┘ç┘à Ϻ┘äÏ¿Ï»┘ê ┘ê┘èÏ│┘â┘å┘ê┘å Ϻ┘äÏ«┘èϺ┘à ┘ê┘èÏÀ┘ä┘é Ï╣┘ä┘è┘ç┘à Ϻ┘äϬÏ│┘à┘èÏ® Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ¡┘ä┘èÏ® Ϻ┘ä┘àϬϻϺ┘ê┘äÏ® Ϻ┘åÏ░Ϻ┘â ┘ê┘ç┘è ( Ϻ┘ç┘ä Ϻ┘äÏ¿Ï╣Ï▒ ) Ϻ┘àϺ Ϻ┘äÏÁ┘å┘ü Ϻ┘äÏúÏ«Ï▒ ┘ü┘ç┘à Ϻ┘äÏ░┘è┘å ┘èÏ╣┘à┘ä┘ê┘å ┘ü┘è ϬÏ▒Ï¿┘èÏ® Ϻ┘äÏúÏ¿┘éϺÏ▒ ┘êϺ┘äϼϺ┘à┘êÏ│ ┘ê┘èÏ╣┘à┘ä┘ê┘å ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äÏ▓Ï▒ϺÏ╣Ï® ┘ü┘èÏÀ┘ä┘é Ï╣┘ä┘è┘ç┘à ϺÏ│┘à ( Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ╣ϻϺ┘å ) ┘ê┘èÏ│┘â┘å┘ê┘å Ϻ┘äÏú┘â┘êϺϫ Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ¿┘å┘èÏ® ┘à┘å Ϻ┘äÏÀ┘è┘å ┘êϺ┘ä┘éÏÁÏ¿ .
┘äϺ Ϭ┘êϼϻ ┘àÏ»┘è┘åÏ® ┘à┘ç┘àÏ® Ï╣┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘ä┘üÏ▒ϺϬ Ï¿┘è┘å Ϻ┘äÏ¿ÏÁÏ▒Ï® ┘êϺ┘äÏ¡┘äÏ® ┘ü┘è Ï░┘ä┘â Ϻ┘ä┘ê┘éϬ Ï│┘ê┘ë ┘àÏ»┘è┘åÏ® ÏÁÏ║┘èÏ▒Ï® ┘ç┘è ( Ϻ┘äÏ│┘àϺ┘êÏ® ) Ϻ┘äϬ┘è Ï│Ϻ┘ç┘à ┘ü┘è ϬÏúÏ│┘èÏ│┘çϺ ( ┘â┘àϺ Ï░┘âÏ▒Ϭ Ï░┘ä┘â ┘ü┘è┘àϺ Ï¿Ï╣Ï» Ϭ┘éϺÏ▒┘èÏ▒ Ϻ┘ä┘àϫϺϿÏ▒ϺϬ Ϻ┘äÏ¿Ï▒┘èÏÀϺ┘å┘èÏ® ) ┘ü┘è ϿϻϺ┘èÏ® Ϻ┘ä┘éÏ▒┘å Ϻ┘äϽϺ┘à┘å Ï╣Ï┤Ï▒ ┘â┘ä ┘à┘å Ï╣ϺϪ┘äϬ┘è Ïó┘ä Ï│┘èÏ» ┘à┘åÏÁ┘êÏ▒ Ϻ┘äϬ┘è ϬÏ│┘èÏÀÏ▒ Ï╣┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äϼÏ▓Ïí Ϻ┘äÏ┤Ï▒┘é┘è ┘à┘å Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ»┘è┘åÏ® ┘êÏ╣ϺϪ┘äÏ® Ïó┘ä Ï╣Ͻ┘àϺ┘å Ϻ┘äϬ┘è ϬÏ│┘èÏÀÏ▒ Ï╣┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äϼϺ┘åÏ¿ Ϻ┘äÏ║Ï▒Ï¿┘è .
Ϻ┘àϺ ┘àÏ»┘è┘åϬ┘è Ϻ┘ä┘åϺÏÁÏ▒┘èÏ® ┘êϺ┘äÏ»┘è┘êϺ┘å┘èÏ® ┘ü┘ä┘à ┘è┘â┘å ┘ä┘ç┘àϺ ┘êϼ┘êÏ» Ϻ┘åÏ░Ϻ┘â . ┘ü┘àÏ»┘è┘åÏ® Ϻ┘ä┘åϺÏÁÏ▒┘èÏ® Ϭ┘à ϬÏúÏ│┘èÏ│┘çϺ Ï¿Ï╣Ï» Ï¡┘êϺ┘ä┘è ┘éÏ▒┘å ┘à┘å ϬϺÏ▒┘èÏ« ┘êÏÁ┘ê┘ä Ϻ┘äÏ▒ϡϺ┘äÏ® Ϻ┘äϻϺ┘å┘àϺÏ▒┘â┘è ┘à┘å ┘éÏ¿┘ä ┘åϺÏÁÏ▒ Ϻ┘äÏ│Ï╣Ï»┘ê┘å . Ϻ┘àϺ ┘àÏ»┘è┘åÏ® Ϻ┘äÏ»┘è┘êϺ┘å┘èÏ® ┘ü┘éÏ» Ϭ┘åϺ┘àϬ Ï¿Ï╣Ï» ϺÏ▓Ï»┘èϺϻ Ï¿┘åϺÏí Ϻ┘äÏú┘â┘êϺϫ ┘éÏ▒Ï¿ Ï»┘è┘êϺ┘å Ï¡┘àÏ» Ïó┘ä Ï¡┘à┘êÏ» Ï┤┘èÏ« Ϻ┘äÏ«Ï▓ϺÏ╣┘ä .
┘ê┘âϺ┘åϬ ┘ç┘åϺ┘â ┘éÏ▒┘èÏ® ÏÁÏ║┘èÏ▒Ï® Ï¿Ï»┘äϺ ┘à┘å┘çϺ Ϻ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äϼ┘å┘êÏ¿ ┘à┘å Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ»┘è┘åÏ® Ϻ┘äϡϺ┘ä┘èÏ® ϬÏ│┘à┘ë ┘éÏ▒┘èÏ® ( Ϻ┘ä┘à┘ä┘ê┘à ) ϬÏ│┘â┘å┘çϺ Ï╣Ï┤┘èÏ▒Ï® Ϻ┘äÏ«Ï▓ϺÏ╣┘ä . ┘êϺ┘äÏ»┘è┘êϺ┘å┘èÏ® Ϻ┘äϡϺ┘ä┘èÏ® ┘âϺ┘åϬ Ϻ┘åÏ░Ϻ┘â ┘àÏ▒Ï│┘ë ÏÁÏ║┘èÏ▒Ϻ ┘äϬ┘ê┘é┘ü Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ▒Ϻ┘âÏ¿ . ┘ê┘éÏ» ┘âϺ┘å ┘ç┘åϺ┘â ┘àÏ»┘è┘åÏ® ┘à┘ç┘àÏ® Ϻ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏ║Ï▒Ï¿ ┘à┘å┘çϺ ϬÏ│┘à┘ë ( Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘àϺϡ┘èÏ® )Ϻ┘åÏ»Ï▒Ï│Ϭ ϺϽϺÏ▒┘çϺ Ï¿Ï│Ï¿ ϼ┘üϺ┘ü ┘å┘çÏ▒┘çϺ ┘ü┘è ┘å┘çϺ┘èÏ® Ϻ┘ä┘éÏ▒┘å Ϻ┘äϬϺÏ│Ï╣ Ï╣Ï┤Ï▒..
┘êϬ┘üÏ▒┘é Ϻ┘ç┘ä┘çϺ Ï¿┘è┘å ┘éÏ▒┘ë ┘ê┘àÏ»┘å Ϻ┘ä┘üÏ▒ϺϬ Ϻ┘äÏú┘êÏ│ÏÀ . ┘ü┘éÏ» Ϭϡ┘ê┘ä ┘å┘çÏ▒ Ϻ┘ä┘üÏ▒ϺϬ ┘à┘å ┘àϼÏ▒┘ë ┘å┘çÏ▒ Ϻ┘äÏ¡┘äÏ® Ϻ┘ä┘ë ┘àϼÏ▒┘ë ϼϻ┘èÏ» Ï│┘à┘è Ï¿ ( Ϻ┘ä┘ç┘åÏ»┘èÏ® ) ┘ê┘éÏ¿┘ä Ϻ┘åÏ┤ϺÏí Ï│ϻϮ Ϻ┘ä┘ç┘åÏ»┘èÏ® ┘ü┘è ϿϻϺ┘èÏ® Ϻ┘ä┘éÏ▒┘å Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï┤Ï▒┘è┘å ┘à┘àϺ Ϻϻ┘ë Ϻ┘ä┘ë ϼ┘üϺ┘ü ┘âϽ┘èÏ▒ ┘à┘å Ϻ┘äÏú┘å┘çϺÏ▒ ┘ü┘è ┘à┘åÏÀ┘éÏ® Ϻ┘äÏ»┘è┘êϺ┘å┘èÏ® Ϻ┘äϡϺ┘ä┘èÏ® ┘êÏ¡Ï»┘êϽ Ϻ┘ä┘çϼÏ▒Ï® Ϻ┘ä┘âÏ¿Ï▒┘ë ┘äÏ╣Ï┤ϺϪÏ▒┘çϺ Ϻ┘ä┘ë ┘à┘åϺÏÀ┘é ϺϫÏ▒┘ë ┘êϺϿÏ▒Ï▓ ┘àϽϺ┘ä Ï╣┘ä┘ë Ï░┘ä┘â ┘ç┘ê ϼ┘üϺ┘ü ┘å┘çÏ▒ Ϻ┘ä┘ü┘êϺÏ▒ Ϻ┘ä┘âϺϪ┘å Ï¿┘è┘å Ϻ┘äÏ»┘è┘êϺ┘å┘èÏ® ┘êÏ╣┘ü┘â ┘ê┘çϼÏ▒Ï® Ï╣Ï┤ϺϪÏ▒ Ïó┘ä ┘üϬ┘äÏ® ┘êϺ┘äϼϿ┘êÏ▒ ┘êÏ«┘üϺϼϮ ┘êÏ¿┘å┘è Ï¡Ï│┘å ┘ê┘âÏ▒┘èÏÀ ┘êÏ║┘èÏ▒┘ç┘à Ï¿ÏÑϬϼϺ┘ç Ϻ┘äÏ¡┘äÏ® ┘êϺ┘ä┘ç┘åÏ»┘èÏ® .
ϺÏ│ϬÏ║Ï▒┘éϬ Ϻ┘äÏ▒Ï¡┘äÏ® ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ▒┘âÏ¿ Ï¿┘è┘å Ϻ┘äÏ¿ÏÁÏ▒Ï® ┘êϺ┘ä┘à┘ä┘ê┘à ┘êϺϡϻϺ ┘êÏ╣Ï┤Ï▒┘è┘å ┘è┘ê┘àϺ ϡϺ┘ü┘äÏ® ϿϺ┘ä┘àÏÁϺÏ╣Ï¿ ┘ê┘èÏ│ϬÏ║Ï▒Ï¿ ( ┘å┘èÏ¿┘êÏ▒ ) ┘à┘å ┘êϼ┘êÏ» Ϻ┘äÏúÏ▒ϺÏÂ┘è Ϻ┘äÏ▓Ï▒ϺÏ╣┘èÏ® Ϻ┘äÏ«ÏÁÏ¿Ï® ┘ê┘ê┘üÏ▒Ï® Ϻ┘ä┘à┘èϺ┘ç ┘à┘å ┘åϺϡ┘èÏ® ┘êϺ┘äÏ¿ÏñÏ│ Ϻ┘äÏ░┘è ┘èÏ╣┘èÏ┤ ┘ü┘è┘ç Ϻ┘äÏ│┘âϺ┘å ┘à┘å ┘åϺϡ┘èÏ® ϽϺ┘å┘èÏ® Ï¿Ï│Ï¿Ï¿ Ï╣Ï»┘à ϺÏ│ϬÏ║┘äϺ┘ä Ϭ┘ä┘â Ϻ┘äÏÑ┘à┘âϺ┘åϺϬ Ϻ┘ä┘çϺϪ┘äÏ®..
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┘ê┘èÏÀ┘ä┘é Ï╣┘ä┘è┘çϺ ( ┘àÏ┤┘çÏ» Ï╣┘ä┘è ) ┘ê┘ç┘è Ϻ┘äϬÏ│┘à┘èÏ® Ϻ┘äϬ┘è ┘âϺ┘åϬ Ï│ϺϪϻϮ Ï¿┘è┘å Ϻ┘äÏ│┘âϺ┘å Ϻ┘åÏ░Ϻ┘â .
┘ê┘éÏ» ϺÏ│Ϭ┘àÏ▒ Ϻ┘ä┘âϽ┘èÏ▒ ┘à┘å Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ϻ┘é┘è┘è┘å ϡϬ┘ë ┘à┘åϬÏÁ┘ü Ϻ┘ä┘éÏ▒┘å Ϻ┘ä┘àϺÏÂ┘è ┘èÏÀ┘ä┘é┘ê┘å ϬÏ│┘à┘èÏ® ( Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ┤┘çÏ» ) Ï╣┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘ä┘åϼ┘ü Ϻ┘äÏúÏ┤Ï▒┘ü . ┘ê┘èÏÁ┘ü Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ│ϼϻ ┘êϺ┘ä┘éÏ¿Ï¿ Ϻ┘äÏ░┘çÏ¿┘èÏ® ┘ä┘äÏÂÏ▒┘èÏ¡ ┘ê┘ä┘â┘å┘ç ┘ä┘à ┘èÏ│ϬÏÀÏ╣ Ϻ┘äϻϫ┘ê┘ä Ï«Ï┤┘èÏ® Ϻ┘äÏ╣┘é┘êÏ¿Ï® ┘äÏú┘å┘ç Ϻϼ┘åÏ¿┘è ┘ê┘àÏ│┘èÏ¡┘è..
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┘äÏ╣┘ä ┘à┘å Ϻ┘éÏ»┘à Ϻ┘äÏ▒Ï¡┘äϺϬ Ϻ┘äϬ┘è ┘éϺ┘à Ï¿┘çϺ Ï▒ϼ┘ä Ϻ┘êÏ▒Ï¿┘è Ϻ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ϻ┘é ┘êϺϻ┘é┘çϺ ┘êϺ┘âϽÏ▒┘çϺ Ï╣┘ä┘à┘èÏ® ┘ê┘éÏ»Ï▒Ï® Ï╣┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏ║┘êÏÁ ┘ü┘è ϬϺÏ▒┘èÏ« ┘êϺϽϺÏ▒ ┘êÏ¿Ï┤Ï▒ ϺÏ▒Ï ┘àϺ Ï¿┘è┘å Ϻ┘ä┘å┘çÏ▒┘è┘å ┘ç┘è Ϭ┘ä┘â Ϻ┘äÏ▒Ï¡┘äÏ® Ϻ┘äϬ┘è ┘éϺ┘à Ï¿┘çϺ Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ│Ϭ┘âÏ┤┘ü Ϻ┘äϻϺ┘å┘àϺÏ▒┘â┘è ( ┘âϺÏ▒Ï│Ϭ┘å ┘å┘èÏ¿┘êÏ▒ ) ϿϬ┘â┘ä┘è┘ü ┘à┘å ┘à┘ä┘â Ϻ┘äϻϺ┘å┘àϺÏ▒┘â ┘êϺ┘äϬ┘è Ϻ┘àϬϻϬ Ï│Ϭ Ï│┘å┘êϺϬ ÏÀ┘êϺ┘ä Ï╣┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘àϬϻϺϻ Ϻ┘ä┘üϬÏ▒Ï® ( 1761 ÔÇô 1767 ) .
┘çÏ░┘ç Ϻ┘äÏ▒Ï¡┘äÏ® Ϻ┘äÏ╣┘ä┘à┘èÏ® Ϻ┘äÏ▒ϺϪÏ╣Ï® ϺϿϬϻÏúϬ ┘à┘å ┘â┘êÏ¿┘å┘çϺÏ║┘å Ͻ┘à ϺÏ│Ϭ┘àÏ▒Ϭ Ï╣Ï¿Ï▒ ϺÏ│ÏÀ┘åÏ¿┘ê┘ä ┘ê┘àÏÁÏ▒ ┘êϼϻϮ ┘êϺ┘ä┘è┘à┘å ┘êϺ┘ä┘ç┘åÏ» ┘êÏ¿Ï╣Ï» Ï░┘ä┘â Ï╣Ï¿Ï▒ Ï¿┘äϺϻ Ϻ┘ä┘üϺÏ▒Ï│ ┘êϺ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ϻ┘é ┘êϺ┘äÏ┤Ϻ┘à .
Ϻ┘å ┘àϺ ┘ç┘ê ┘àÏ░┘ç┘ä ┘ü┘è ┘çÏ░┘ç Ϻ┘äÏ▒Ï¡┘äÏ® Ϻ┘å Ï░┘ä┘â Ϻ┘äÏ▒ϼ┘ä Ϻ┘äÏ»┘é┘è┘é ┘êϺ┘äÏ»Ïú┘ê┘êÏ¿ ┘ê Ϻ┘ä┘àϬ┘àÏ│┘â Ï¿┘éÏ»Ï│┘èÏ® Ï╣┘à┘ä┘ç ┘êÏ╣┘ä┘à┘èϬ┘ç ϺÏ│ϬÏÀϺÏ╣ Ϻ┘å ┘èϫϬ┘äÏÀ ϿϺ┘ä┘åϺÏ│ Ϻ┘äÏ¿Ï│ÏÀϺÏí ┘êϺ┘å ┘èÏ¡ÏÁ┘ä ┘à┘å┘ç┘à Ï╣┘ä┘ë ┘àÏ╣┘ä┘ê┘àϺϬ ϽÏ▒┘ç Ï╣┘å ┘à┘åϺÏÀ┘é┘ç┘à ┘êÏ╣ϺϻϺϬ┘ç┘à ┘êϬ┘éϺ┘ä┘èÏ»┘ç┘à ┘êÏ│ϼ┘ä ┘â┘ä Ï░┘ä┘â Ï¿Ï»┘éÏ® ┘ê┘åÏ▓Ϻ┘çÏ® ┘é┘ä┘ï ┘åÏ©┘èÏ▒┘çϺ .
┘ä┘éÏ» Ï¿┘äÏ║Ϭ Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êÏ¡ Ϻ┘äÏ╣┘ä┘à┘èÏ® Ï¿┘çÏ░Ϻ Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ│Ϭ┘âÏ┤┘ü Ϻ┘äÏ¡Ï▒┘èÏÁ Ϻ┘å┘ç Ï│ϼ┘ä ϺÏ│┘àϺÏí ┘â┘ä Ϻ┘ä┘éÏ▒┘ë ┘êϺ┘äÏú┘å┘çϺÏ▒ Ï╣┘ä┘ë Ï«Ï▒ϺϪÏÀ Ï▒Ï│┘à┘çϺ Ï«ÏÁ┘èÏÁϺ ϺÏÂϺ┘üÏ® Ϻ┘ä┘ë ϺÏ│┘àϺÏí Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï┤ϺϪÏ▒ ┘êϺ┘äÏ¡┘âϺ┘à ┘êÏÀÏ▒ϺÏ▓ Ï¡┘èϺϮ Ϻ┘ä┘åϺÏ│ ┘ê┘â┘ä Ï┤ϺÏ▒ϻϮ ┘ê┘êϺÏ▒ϻϮ ┘ê┘â┘ä ┘àϺ ┘èÏ«ÏÀÏ▒┘ê┘àϺ ┘äϺ ┘èÏ«ÏÀÏ▒ Ï╣┘ä┘ë ϿϺ┘ä Ϻϡϻ .
Ï¿┘ä ┘è┘é┘èÏ│ Ï╣Ï▒Ï Ϻ┘äÏú┘å┘çϺÏ▒ ┘ê┘à┘åϺÏ│┘èÏ¿┘çϺ ┘àϽ┘ä Ϻ┘ä┘å┘è┘ä ┘êÏ┤ÏÀ Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ï¿ ┘êϻϼ┘äÏ® ┘êϺ┘ä┘üÏ▒ϺϬ ┘ü┘è ┘àϫϬ┘ä┘ü Ϻ┘ä┘à┘åϺÏÀ┘é ┘ü┘è Ï░┘ä┘â Ϻ┘ä┘ê┘éϬ Ϻ┘äÏ░┘è ┘âϺ┘åϬ Ϭ┘åÏ╣Ï»┘à ┘ü┘è┘ç Ϻ┘äÏúϼ┘çÏ▓Ï® ┘êϺ┘ä┘àÏ╣ϻϺϬ Ϻ┘äÏ╣┘ä┘à┘èÏ® Ϻ┘äÏ»┘é┘è┘éÏ® ┘â┘àϺ ┘è┘é┘èÏ│ Ï«ÏÀ┘êÏÀ Ϻ┘äÏÀ┘ê┘ä ┘êϺ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ï ┘êÏ»Ï▒ϼϺϬ Ϻ┘äÏ¡Ï▒ϺÏ▒Ï® Ϻ┘äÏ« .
Ï¿┘ä ┘ê┘èÏ│ϼ┘ä ϺÏ│┘àϺÏí Ϻ┘äÏ¡┘âϺ┘à Ϻ┘äϡϺ┘ä┘è┘è┘å ┘êϺ┘äÏ│ϺϿ┘é┘è┘å ┘ü┘è ┘â┘ä Ï¿┘äÏ» Ï¡Ï│Ï¿ ┘àϺ ┘èÏ¡ÏÁ┘ä Ï╣┘ä┘è┘ç ┘à┘å ┘àÏ╣┘ä┘ê┘àϺϬ ϺÏÂϺ┘üÏ® Ϻ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏúÏ│ϺÏÀ┘èÏ▒ ┘êϺ┘ä┘éÏÁÏÁ ┘êϺ┘äÏ¡┘âϺ┘èϺϬ Ϻ┘äÏ▒ϺϪϼϮ Ï╣┘å ┘çÏñ┘äϺÏí ┘êÏ║┘èÏ▒┘ç┘à Ï│┘êϺÏí Ï▒ϼϺ┘ä Ϻ┘äÏ»┘è┘å Ϻ┘ê Ϻ┘äÏ┤Ï«ÏÁ┘èϺϬ Ϻ┘äÏ┤Ï╣Ï¿┘èÏ® . ┘ê┘âÏ░┘ä┘â ┘èÏ▒Ï│┘à Ϻ┘äÏ«Ï▒ϺϪÏÀ ┘êÏ▒Ï│┘ê┘à Ϻ┘äÏúÏ¿┘å┘èÏ® ┘êϺ┘äÏúÏ▓┘èϺÏí ┘ê┘â┘ä ┘àϺ ┘èÏ┤Ϻ┘çÏ»┘ç ┘à┘å ϺϽϺÏ▒ ┘ê┘å┘é┘êÏ┤ ┘ê┘âϬϺϿϺϬ .
┘èÏ«Ï▒ϼ ( ┘å┘èÏ¿┘êÏ▒ ) ┘àÏ╣ ┘àϼ┘à┘êÏ╣Ï® Ï╣┘ä┘à┘èÏ® ┘àÏ▒Ϻ┘ü┘éÏ® ┘à┘å ┘à┘è┘åϺÏí ( ┘â┘êÏ¿┘å┘çϺÏ║┘å ) ┘ü┘è ϬϺÏ▒┘èÏ« 4 ┘âϺ┘å┘ê┘å Ϻ┘äϽϺ┘å┘è 1761 ┘ê┘ä┘â┘å┘ç ┘äϺ ┘èÏÁ┘ä Ϻ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ϻ┘é Ï╣┘å ÏÀÏ▒┘è┘é Ï┤ÏÀ Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ï¿ ┘êϺ┘äÏ¿ÏÁÏ▒Ï® Ϻ┘äϺ ┘ü┘è Ï│┘åÏ® 1766 ┘êÏ░┘ä┘â Ï╣┘å ÏÀÏ▒┘è┘é ϼÏ▓┘èÏ▒Ï® Ï«Ï▒ϼ ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äÏ«┘ä┘èϼ ┘êϺ┘äϬ┘è ┘âϺ┘åϬ ┘àϡϬ┘äÏ® ┘à┘å ┘éÏ¿┘ä Ϻ┘ä┘ç┘ê┘ä┘åÏ»┘è┘è┘å .
┘è┘é┘ê┘ä ┘å┘èÏ¿┘êÏ▒ Ϻ┘å Ï╣ϻϻ Ï│┘âϺ┘å Ϻ┘äÏ¿ÏÁÏ▒Ï® ┘âϺ┘å ┘äϺ ┘èϬϼϺ┘êÏ▓ 50 Ϻ┘ä┘ü ┘åÏ│┘àÏ® ┘ê┘âϺ┘å Ϻ┘äϡϺ┘â┘à ┘ç┘ê ┘âÏ▒┘è┘à ϫϺ┘å ┘à┘àϽ┘ä Ϻ┘äÏ│┘äÏÀÏ® Ϻ┘äϬÏ▒┘â┘èÏ® .
┘ê┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äϼ┘çÏ® Ϻ┘äÏ┤Ï▒┘é┘èÏ® ┘äÏ┤ÏÀ Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ï¿ ┘âϺ┘å Ϭ┘é┘è┘à ┘éÏ¿┘è┘äÏ® ( ┘âÏ╣Ï¿ ) Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ï¿┘èÏ® ┘êϺ┘äϬ┘è ┘èÏ¡┘â┘à┘çϺ Ϻ┘äÏ┤┘èÏ« Ï│┘ä┘àϺ┘å Ϻ┘äϫϺÏÂÏ╣ ┘ä┘ä┘å┘ü┘êÏ░ Ϻ┘ä┘üϺÏ▒Ï│┘è ┘ê┘âϺ┘å ┘ç┘åϺ┘â ÏÁÏ▒ϺÏ╣ ϻϺϪ┘à Ï¿┘è┘å Ï│┘äÏÀϺ┘å Ϻ┘äÏ¿ÏÁÏ▒Ï® ┘êÏ┤┘èÏ« ┘éÏ¿┘è┘äÏ® ┘âÏ╣Ï¿ Ïî ┘ê┘è┘é┘ê┘ä Ϻ┘å Ϻ┘äÏ¿ÏÁÏ▒Ï® Ϻ┘ä┘éÏ»┘è┘àÏ® ┘êϺϽϺÏ▒┘çϺ Ϭ┘éÏ╣ Ï╣┘ä┘ë Ï¿Ï╣Ï» Ï╣ϻϮ Ϻ┘à┘èϺ┘ä Ï║Ï▒Ï¿ Ϻ┘äÏ¿ÏÁÏ▒Ï® Ϻ┘äϼϻ┘èϻϮ Ï¡┘èϽ Ϻ┘å ┘ü┘è┘çϺ ┘éÏ¿┘êÏ▒ Ï¿Ï╣Ï Ϻ┘äÏÁϡϺϿϮ Ϻ┘äϬ┘è ┘èÏ▓┘êÏ▒┘çϺ Ϻ┘ä┘åϺÏ│ ┘ê┘èÏ»┘ü┘å┘ê┘å ┘à┘êϬϺ┘ç┘à Ï¿┘éÏ▒Ï¿┘çϺ .
┘ê┘âϺ┘åϬ Ϻ┘äÏ│┘äÏÀϺϬ Ϻ┘äϬÏ▒┘â┘èÏ® ϬÏ│Ï╣┘ë Ϻ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äϬ┘çϻϪϮ ┘àÏ╣ ┘éÏ¿┘è┘äÏ® ┘âÏ╣Ï¿ ┘äÏú┘å┘çϺ ┘âϺ┘åϬ ϬϫÏ┤┘ë Ϻ┘å┘ç ┘ü┘è ϡϺ┘äÏ® ϺÏ┤ϬϻϺϻ Ϻ┘äÏÁÏ▒ϺÏ╣ ┘àÏ╣┘çϺ Ϻ┘å Ϭ┘çϺϼ┘à┘çϺ ┘éÏ¿┘è┘äÏ® Ϻ┘ä┘à┘åϬ┘ü┘â Ϻ┘äÏ│Ϻ┘â┘åÏ® Ï╣┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘ä┘üÏ▒ϺϬ ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äÏÀÏ▒┘è┘é Ϻ┘ä┘ë Ï¿Ï║ϻϺϻ .
┘ê┘èϬϡϻϽ Ï╣┘å ┘üÏ│Ϻϻ Ϻ┘äϼ┘èÏ┤ Ϻ┘äÏÑ┘å┘âÏ┤ϺÏ▒┘è Ϻ┘äϬÏ▒┘â┘è Ϻ┘äÏ░┘è ┘èϬ┘éϺÏÂ┘ë Ϻ┘äÏ▒Ï┤Ϻ┘ê┘è ┘ê┘è┘àϺÏ▒Ï│ Ϻ┘äÏÑϿϬÏ▓Ϻ┘ê ÏÂÏ» Ϻ┘ä┘à┘êϺÏÀ┘å┘è┘å Ϻ┘äÏ¿ÏÁÏ▒┘è┘è┘å .
┘èÏ┤┘èÏ▒ ┘å┘èÏ¿┘êÏ▒ Ϻ┘ä┘ë ┘âϽϺ┘üÏ® Ï¿Ï│ϺϬ┘è┘å Ϻ┘ä┘åÏ«┘è┘ä ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äÏ¿ÏÁÏ▒Ï® ┘êϺ┘å┘êϺÏ╣ Ϻ┘äϬ┘à┘êÏ▒ Ϻ┘äϬ┘è ┘èÏ░┘âÏ▒┘çϺ ϿϺ┘äÏÑÏ│┘à ┘àϽ┘ä Ϻ┘ä┘à┘âϬ┘ê┘à ┘êϺ┘äÏ¿Ï▒┘è┘à ┘êϺ┘äÏ«ÏÂÏ▒Ϻ┘ê┘è ┘êϺ┘äÏúÏ┤Ï▒Ï│┘è ┘êϺ┘äÏÑÏ¿Ï▒Ϻ┘ç┘è┘à┘è Ϻ┘äÏ░┘è ┘èÏÁ┘åÏ╣ ┘à┘å┘ç Ϻ┘äϻϿÏ│ Ϻ┘äÏ░┘è ┘èÏú┘â┘ä┘ç Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ï¿ ┘àÏ╣ Ϻ┘äÏ«Ï¿Ï▓ ┘â┘àϺ ┘è┘é┘ê┘ä .
┘èÏ│Ϻ┘üÏ▒ Ϻ┘ä┘ë Ï¿Ï║ϻϺϻ Ï╣Ï¿Ï▒ ┘å┘çÏ▒ Ϻ┘ä┘üÏ▒ϺϬ Ï¿┘êϺÏ│ÏÀÏ® Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ▒Ϻ┘âÏ¿ Ϻ┘äϬ┘è ┘èÏ│Ï¡Ï¿┘çϺ Ϻ┘äÏ╣┘àϺ┘ä Ï¿┘è┘å ┘àÏ¡ÏÀϺϬ ┘àϡϻϻϮ . ┘ê┘èÏ▒Ï│┘à ϫϺÏ▒ÏÀÏ® ┘å┘çÏ▒ Ϻ┘ä┘üÏ▒ϺϬ Ï¿┘è┘å Ϻ┘äÏ¿ÏÁÏ▒Ï® ┘êϺ┘äÏ¡┘äÏ® ┘êϺÏ│┘àϺÏí Ϻ┘ä┘éÏ▒┘ë Ϻ┘ä┘êϺ┘éÏ╣Ï® Ï╣┘ä┘è┘çϺ . ┘êϬÏ│┘èÏÀÏ▒ ┘éÏ¿┘è┘äÏ® Ϻ┘ä┘à┘åϬ┘ü┘â Ï╣┘ä┘ë ┘å┘çÏ▒ Ϻ┘ä┘üÏ▒ϺϬ ┘ü┘è┘àϺ ┘è┘ä┘è Ϻ┘äÏ¿ÏÁÏ▒Ï® ┘ü┘è Ï¡┘è┘å ϬÏ│┘èÏÀÏ▒ ┘éÏ¿┘è┘äÏ® Ï¿┘å┘è ┘äϺ┘à Ï╣┘ä┘ë ϻϼ┘äÏ® ┘êϺ┘ä┘äϬ┘è┘å ϬϬ┘éϺÏÂ┘èϺ┘å Ϻ┘äÏÂÏ▒ϺϪϿ ┘à┘å Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ▒Ϻ┘âÏ¿ Ϻ┘äÏ╣ϺϿÏ▒Ï® .
ϬÏúϬ┘è Ï¿Ï╣Ï» ┘éÏ¿┘è┘äÏ® Ϻ┘ä┘à┘åϬ┘ü┘â ┘éÏ¿┘è┘äÏ® Ï¿┘å┘è ϼϡ┘è┘à ┘ê┘ç┘ê ┘èÏ│┘à┘è┘çϺ
( Ï¿┘å┘è ϡϺ┘â┘à ) ┘êϬ┘ä┘è┘çϺ ┘éÏ¿┘è┘äÏ® Ϻ┘äÏ«Ï▓ϺÏ╣┘ä ..
┘ê┘èÏÁ┘å┘ü Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ï¿ Ϻ┘ä┘ë ÏÁ┘å┘ü┘è┘å Ϻ┘äÏÁ┘å┘ü Ϻ┘äÏú┘ê┘ä ┘ç┘ê Ϻ┘äÏ░┘è ┘èÏ╣┘à┘ä ┘ü┘è ϬÏ▒Ï¿┘èÏ® Ϻ┘äϼ┘àϺ┘ä ┘ê┘ç┘à Ϻ┘äÏ¿Ï»┘ê ┘ê┘èÏ│┘â┘å┘ê┘å Ϻ┘äÏ«┘èϺ┘à ┘ê┘èÏÀ┘ä┘é Ï╣┘ä┘è┘ç┘à Ϻ┘äϬÏ│┘à┘èÏ® Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ¡┘ä┘èÏ® Ϻ┘ä┘àϬϻϺ┘ê┘äÏ® Ϻ┘åÏ░Ϻ┘â ┘ê┘ç┘è ( Ϻ┘ç┘ä Ϻ┘äÏ¿Ï╣Ï▒ ) Ϻ┘àϺ Ϻ┘äÏÁ┘å┘ü Ϻ┘äÏúÏ«Ï▒ ┘ü┘ç┘à Ϻ┘äÏ░┘è┘å ┘èÏ╣┘à┘ä┘ê┘å ┘ü┘è ϬÏ▒Ï¿┘èÏ® Ϻ┘äÏúÏ¿┘éϺÏ▒ ┘êϺ┘äϼϺ┘à┘êÏ│ ┘ê┘èÏ╣┘à┘ä┘ê┘å ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äÏ▓Ï▒ϺÏ╣Ï® ┘ü┘èÏÀ┘ä┘é Ï╣┘ä┘è┘ç┘à ϺÏ│┘à ( Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ╣ϻϺ┘å ) ┘ê┘èÏ│┘â┘å┘ê┘å Ϻ┘äÏú┘â┘êϺϫ Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ¿┘å┘èÏ® ┘à┘å Ϻ┘äÏÀ┘è┘å ┘êϺ┘ä┘éÏÁÏ¿ .
┘äϺ Ϭ┘êϼϻ ┘àÏ»┘è┘åÏ® ┘à┘ç┘àÏ® Ï╣┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘ä┘üÏ▒ϺϬ Ï¿┘è┘å Ϻ┘äÏ¿ÏÁÏ▒Ï® ┘êϺ┘äÏ¡┘äÏ® ┘ü┘è Ï░┘ä┘â Ϻ┘ä┘ê┘éϬ Ï│┘ê┘ë ┘àÏ»┘è┘åÏ® ÏÁÏ║┘èÏ▒Ï® ┘ç┘è ( Ϻ┘äÏ│┘àϺ┘êÏ® ) Ϻ┘äϬ┘è Ï│Ϻ┘ç┘à ┘ü┘è ϬÏúÏ│┘èÏ│┘çϺ ( ┘â┘àϺ Ï░┘âÏ▒Ϭ Ï░┘ä┘â ┘ü┘è┘àϺ Ï¿Ï╣Ï» Ϭ┘éϺÏ▒┘èÏ▒ Ϻ┘ä┘àϫϺϿÏ▒ϺϬ Ϻ┘äÏ¿Ï▒┘èÏÀϺ┘å┘èÏ® ) ┘ü┘è ϿϻϺ┘èÏ® Ϻ┘ä┘éÏ▒┘å Ϻ┘äϽϺ┘à┘å Ï╣Ï┤Ï▒ ┘â┘ä ┘à┘å Ï╣ϺϪ┘äϬ┘è Ïó┘ä Ï│┘èÏ» ┘à┘åÏÁ┘êÏ▒ Ϻ┘äϬ┘è ϬÏ│┘èÏÀÏ▒ Ï╣┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äϼÏ▓Ïí Ϻ┘äÏ┤Ï▒┘é┘è ┘à┘å Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ»┘è┘åÏ® ┘êÏ╣ϺϪ┘äÏ® Ïó┘ä Ï╣Ͻ┘àϺ┘å Ϻ┘äϬ┘è ϬÏ│┘èÏÀÏ▒ Ï╣┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äϼϺ┘åÏ¿ Ϻ┘äÏ║Ï▒Ï¿┘è .
Ϻ┘àϺ ┘àÏ»┘è┘åϬ┘è Ϻ┘ä┘åϺÏÁÏ▒┘èÏ® ┘êϺ┘äÏ»┘è┘êϺ┘å┘èÏ® ┘ü┘ä┘à ┘è┘â┘å ┘ä┘ç┘àϺ ┘êϼ┘êÏ» Ϻ┘åÏ░Ϻ┘â . ┘ü┘àÏ»┘è┘åÏ® Ϻ┘ä┘åϺÏÁÏ▒┘èÏ® Ϭ┘à ϬÏúÏ│┘èÏ│┘çϺ Ï¿Ï╣Ï» Ï¡┘êϺ┘ä┘è ┘éÏ▒┘å ┘à┘å ϬϺÏ▒┘èÏ« ┘êÏÁ┘ê┘ä Ϻ┘äÏ▒ϡϺ┘äÏ® Ϻ┘äϻϺ┘å┘àϺÏ▒┘â┘è ┘à┘å ┘éÏ¿┘ä ┘åϺÏÁÏ▒ Ϻ┘äÏ│Ï╣Ï»┘ê┘å . Ϻ┘àϺ ┘àÏ»┘è┘åÏ® Ϻ┘äÏ»┘è┘êϺ┘å┘èÏ® ┘ü┘éÏ» Ϭ┘åϺ┘àϬ Ï¿Ï╣Ï» ϺÏ▓Ï»┘èϺϻ Ï¿┘åϺÏí Ϻ┘äÏú┘â┘êϺϫ ┘éÏ▒Ï¿ Ï»┘è┘êϺ┘å Ï¡┘àÏ» Ïó┘ä Ï¡┘à┘êÏ» Ï┤┘èÏ« Ϻ┘äÏ«Ï▓ϺÏ╣┘ä .
┘ê┘âϺ┘åϬ ┘ç┘åϺ┘â ┘éÏ▒┘èÏ® ÏÁÏ║┘èÏ▒Ï® Ï¿Ï»┘äϺ ┘à┘å┘çϺ Ϻ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äϼ┘å┘êÏ¿ ┘à┘å Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ»┘è┘åÏ® Ϻ┘äϡϺ┘ä┘èÏ® ϬÏ│┘à┘ë ┘éÏ▒┘èÏ® ( Ϻ┘ä┘à┘ä┘ê┘à ) ϬÏ│┘â┘å┘çϺ Ï╣Ï┤┘èÏ▒Ï® Ϻ┘äÏ«Ï▓ϺÏ╣┘ä . ┘êϺ┘äÏ»┘è┘êϺ┘å┘èÏ® Ϻ┘äϡϺ┘ä┘èÏ® ┘âϺ┘åϬ Ϻ┘åÏ░Ϻ┘â ┘àÏ▒Ï│┘ë ÏÁÏ║┘èÏ▒Ϻ ┘äϬ┘ê┘é┘ü Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ▒Ϻ┘âÏ¿ . ┘ê┘éÏ» ┘âϺ┘å ┘ç┘åϺ┘â ┘àÏ»┘è┘åÏ® ┘à┘ç┘àÏ® Ϻ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏ║Ï▒Ï¿ ┘à┘å┘çϺ ϬÏ│┘à┘ë ( Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘àϺϡ┘èÏ® )Ϻ┘åÏ»Ï▒Ï│Ϭ ϺϽϺÏ▒┘çϺ Ï¿Ï│Ï¿ ϼ┘üϺ┘ü ┘å┘çÏ▒┘çϺ ┘ü┘è ┘å┘çϺ┘èÏ® Ϻ┘ä┘éÏ▒┘å Ϻ┘äϬϺÏ│Ï╣ Ï╣Ï┤Ï▒..
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