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Ï¿Ï╣Ï» ┘åÏ¡┘ê 85 Ï╣Ϻ┘àϺ┘ïÏî Ï©┘çÏ▒Ϭ ┘éÏÁÏ® ┘àϽ┘èÏ▒Ï® Ï¿ÏÀ┘ä┘çϺ ┘à┘êϺÏÀ┘å Ï│Ï╣┘êÏ»┘è ┘èÏ»Ï╣┘ë Ï«┘ä┘è┘ä Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘ü Ï░┘ä┘â Ϻ┘äÏ▒ϼ┘ä Ϻ┘äÏ░┘è Ï│Ϻ┘üÏ▒ ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ïú┘àÏ▒┘è┘âϺ ┘êϼϺ┘ä Ï¿Ïú┘âϽÏ▒ ┘à┘å ┘éϺÏ▒Ï® ϿϡϽ┘ïϺ Ï╣┘å ┘àÏÁÏ»Ï▒ Ï▒Ï▓┘éÏø ┘êÏ┤┘çϻϬ Ï¡┘èϺϬ┘ç ϿϺ┘äÏ╣Ï»┘èÏ» ┘à┘å Ϻ┘ä┘ä┘éÏÀϺϬ ┘êϺ┘ä┘àÏ┤Ϻ┘çÏ» Ϻ┘äÏ║Ï▒┘èÏ¿Ï® ┘êϺ┘ä┘àϽ┘èÏ▒Ï®.
┘êϬ┘üÏÁ┘è┘äϺ: Ï«┘ä┘è┘ä Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘üÏî Ï░┘ä┘â Ϻ┘ä┘åϼϻ┘è Ϻ┘ä┘åÏ¡┘è┘ä Ϻ┘äÏ░┘è ϬϡÏ▒┘â ┘àÏ╣ ┘é┘êϺ┘ü┘ä Ϻ┘äÏ╣┘é┘è┘äϺϬ ┘ü┘è ϬϼϺÏ▒Ϭ┘çϺ Ϻ┘äÏ┤┘ç┘èÏ▒Ï® ┘äÏÀ┘äÏ¿ Ϻ┘äÏ▒Ï▓┘é ┘ü┘è Ïú┘åϡϺÏí ┘à┘å Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ϻ┘é ┘ê Ï│┘êÏ▒┘èϺ ┘ê ┘ü┘äÏ│ÏÀ┘è┘å ┘ü┘è Ï░┘ä┘â Ϻ┘ä┘ê┘éϬ ┘éϺϻ┘ç Ϻ┘äÏ¡Ï¿ ┘üϼÏúÏ® ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ïú┘à┘èÏ▒┘âϺÏî ┘äϬϬÏ║┘èÏ▒ Ï¡┘èϺϬ┘ç ┘â┘ä┘èϺ┘ïÏî ┘ê┘èϻϫ┘ä ÔÇ£┘ç┘ê┘ä┘è┘ê┘êÏ»ÔÇØ ┘ê┘èÏ┤ϺÏ▒┘â ϺϿ┘å┘ç ┘ü┘è Ï¡Ï▒Ï¿ ┘ü┘èϬ┘åϺ┘à ┘àÏ╣ Ϻ┘äϼ┘èÏ┤ Ϻ┘äÏú┘à┘èÏ▒┘â┘è.
ϺÏ▒ϬϿÏÀ Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘ü ϿϺ┘äÏ╣┘é┘è┘äϺϬ Ϭ┘ä┘â Ϻ┘äÏ¡Ï▒┘âÏ® Ϻ┘äϬϼϺÏ▒┘èÏ® Ϻ┘äϬ┘è Ï¿Ï»ÏúϬ ┘à┘å Ϻ┘ä┘éÏÁ┘è┘àÏî Ï¡┘èϽ ┘è┘åÏÀ┘ä┘é ϬϼϺÏ▒┘çϺ ϬϼϺ┘ç Ϻ┘äÏ┤Ϻ┘à ┘ü┘è ϬϼϺÏ▒Ï® Ï¿┘è┘å┘èÏ® ϬÏ╣Ϭ┘àÏ» Ï╣┘ä┘ë ϬϼϺÏ▒Ï® Ϻ┘äÏÑÏ¿┘ä ┘êϼ┘äÏ¿ Ï¿Ï╣Ï Ϻ┘ä┘à┘åϬϼϺϬ Ϻ┘äÏ┤┘ç┘èÏ▒Ï® ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ϻ┘é ┘êϺ┘äÏ┤Ϻ┘à ┘ê┘àÏÁÏ▒.
┘ü┘è Ï╣┘àÏ▒ Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï┤Ï▒┘è┘åÏî ÏúÏ▒Ï║┘à Ϻ┘äϼ┘êÏ╣ ┘êϺ┘ä┘ü┘éÏ▒ Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘ü Ï╣┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äϬ┘êϼ┘ç ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ï║Ï▒Ï¿Ï® Ϻ┘äÏ╣┘é┘è┘äϺϬ ┘ê┘à┘å┘çϺ Ï¿Ï»ÏúϬ Ï▒Ï¡┘äÏ® ┘à┘ä┘èϪϮ ϿϺ┘äÏúϡϻϺϽ Ϻ┘äϬ┘è ┘èÏ▒┘ê┘è┘çϺ ┘ü┘è ┘âϬϺϿ┘ç Ϻ┘äÏ░┘è Ϭ┘à ┘åÏ┤Ï▒┘ç Ï¿Ï╣Ï» ┘ê┘üϺϬ┘ç ϬϡϬ ϺÏ│┘à ÔÇ£ÏÁ┘üϡϺϬ ┘àÏÀ┘ê┘èÏ® ┘à┘å ϬϺÏ▒┘èÏ«┘åϺ Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ï¿┘è Ϻ┘äÏ¡Ï»┘èϽÔÇØ Ïº┘äÏ░┘è Ϭ┘à ┘åÏ┤Ï▒┘ç Ï¿Ï╣Ï» ┘ê┘üϺϬ┘ç ϿϽ┘äϺϽϮ Ï╣Ï┤Ï▒ Ï╣Ϻ┘àϺ┘ïÏî Ï¡┘èϽ Ϭ┘ê┘ü┘è Ï«┘ä┘è┘ä Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘ü Ï╣Ϻ┘à 2
م.
┘ê┘ê┘ü┘é┘ïϺ ┘ä┘ÇÔÇØϺ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ï¿┘èÏ®ÔÇØÏî ┘ä┘à ┘èÏ│ϬÏÀÏ╣ Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘ü Ïú┘å ┘èÏ╣┘èÏ┤ Ï¡┘èϺϮ Ϻ┘äÏú┘ä┘ü┘èÏ® Ϻ┘äϼϻ┘èϻϮÏî Ï║ϺϻÏ▒ ┘êϬÏ▒┘â ϺϿ┘åϬ┘è┘å.. ÏóÏ│┘èϺ ϬÏ╣┘à┘ä ÏÀÏ¿┘èÏ¿Ï® ┘ü┘è ÏúÏ¡Ï» Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ│ϬÏ┤┘ü┘èϺϬ ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘èϺÏÂÏî ┘êϺ┘äÏúÏ«Ï▒┘ë ┘ü┘è Ï│┘ä┘â Ϻ┘äϬÏ╣┘ä┘è┘àÏî ┘êϺϿ┘åϺ ┘èÏ¡┘à┘ä ϺÏ│┘à ┘å┘êϺ┘üÏî ┘ê┘äÏ» ┘à┘å Ïú┘à Ïú┘à┘èÏ▒┘â┘èÏ®Ïî Ϻ┘å┘éÏÀÏ╣Ϭ ÏúϫϿϺÏ▒┘ç ┘à┘åÏ░ ┘üϬÏ▒Ï® ÏÀ┘ê┘è┘äÏ®.
┘ê┘ü┘è Ï╣Ϻ┘à 1932Ïî ┘ü┘è ┘ü┘åÏ»┘é ϻϼ┘äÏ® ÏÁϺϻ┘ü ┘êϼ┘êÏ» Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘ü ÏÑ┘éϺ┘àÏ® Ï│ϺϪϡϮ Ïú┘à┘èÏ▒┘â┘èÏ® ϽÏ▒┘èÏ® ┘ü┘è ┘å┘üÏ│ Ϻ┘ä┘ê┘éϬ ϬϻÏ╣┘ë ┘üÏ▒Ϻ┘åÏ│┘èÏ│ Ϻ┘ä┘èÏ│┘ê┘åÏî ┘êÏÁϺϻ┘ü ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘ä┘ü┘åÏ»┘é ┘êϼ┘êÏ» Ϻ┘äÏ»┘âϬ┘êÏ▒ Ï«┘èÏ▒Ϻ┘ä┘ä┘çÏî ┘ê┘ç┘ê ┘à┘å Ïú┘êϺϪ┘ä Ϻ┘ä┘à┘çϺϼÏ▒┘è┘å Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ï¿ ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘ä┘ê┘äϺ┘èϺϬ Ϻ┘ä┘àϬϡϻϮ Ϻ┘äÏú┘à┘èÏ▒┘â┘èÏ®Ïî ┘êϬ┘êÏÀϻϬ Ï╣┘äϺ┘éÏ® Ϻ┘äϽ┘äϺϽϮÏî Ï«ÏÁ┘êÏÁϺ┘ï Ï¿┘è┘å Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘ü ┘êϺ┘äÏú┘à┘èÏ▒┘â┘èÏ® Ϻ┘äÏ┤┘éÏ▒ϺÏí Ϻ┘äϬ┘è ϼÏ░ϿϬ ϺϿ┘å Ϻ┘ä┘éÏÁ┘è┘à ϬϺÏ▒┘âϺ┘ï ϬϼϺÏ▒Ϭ┘ç ┘àÏ▒Ϻ┘ü┘éϺ┘ï ÏÑ┘èϺ┘çϺ ┘à┘å Ï¿Ï║ϻϺϻ ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ï»┘àÏ┤┘é ┘ê┘à┘å┘çϺ ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ï¿┘èÏ▒┘êϬÏø
┘ä┘â┘å ┘ç┘åϺ┘âÏî Ï║ϺϻÏ▒Ϭ Ϻ┘äÏú┘à┘èÏ▒┘â┘èÏ® ┘åÏ¡┘ê ┘å┘è┘ê┘è┘êÏ▒┘â ┘ê┘àÏ╣┘çϺ ÏúÏ«Ï░Ϭ ┘é┘äÏ¿ Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘üÏî Ï«ÏÁ┘êÏÁϺ┘ï Ïú┘å┘çϺ ┘êÏ╣ϻϬ┘ç Ï¿Ï╣┘êϻϬ┘çϺ ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏ┤Ϻ┘àÏî ┘äϬÏ╣Ϭ┘å┘é Ϻ┘äÏÑÏ│┘äϺ┘à ┘êϬϬÏ▓┘êϼ┘çÏî ┘êÏ¿Ï╣Ï» Ͻ┘äϺϽ Ï│┘å┘êϺϬ ┘à┘å ┘àÏ║ϺϻÏ▒Ï® ┘üÏ▒Ϻ┘åÏ│┘èÏ│ Ï╣Ϻϻ Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘ü ┘àÏ▒Ï®┘ï ÏúÏ«Ï▒┘ë ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏ┤Ϻ┘à ┘à┘åϬϩÏ▒Ϻ┘ï ┘üÏ▒Ϻ┘åÏ│┘èÏ│ Ϻ┘äϬ┘è ┘êÏÁ┘äϬ ┘äϬ┘å┘üÏ░ ┘êÏ╣Ï»┘çϺÏî Ï¡┘èϽ ϬÏ▓┘êϼϺ ┘êϺ┘åÏÀ┘ä┘éϺ Ï╣Ï¿Ï▒ ÏÑÏ¡Ï»┘ë Ϻ┘äÏ¿┘êϺϫÏ▒ ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ïú┘à┘èÏ▒┘âϺ.
┘ä┘â┘å Ï│Ï▒┘èÏ╣Ϻ ϻϿ Ϻ┘äÏ«┘äϺ┘ü Ï¿┘è┘å┘ç┘àϺÏî ┘ü┘ÇϺ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘ü ┘ä┘à ┘èÏ╣Ϭϻ Ïú┘å ┘èÏ▒┘ë Ï▓┘êϼϬ┘ç ┘ç┘è ┘à┘å Ϭ┘é┘êÏ» Ϻ┘äÏ│┘èϺÏ▒Ï®Ïî ┘ê┘ç┘è ┘à┘å ϬÏ│Ϭ┘éÏ¿┘ä Ϻ┘äÏÂ┘è┘ê┘üÏî ┘ê┘âÏ░┘ä┘â Ϭ┘é┘ê┘à ϿϬÏ│Ï»┘èÏ» Ϻ┘ä┘å┘é┘êÏ» ┘ä┘èϽ┘êÏ▒ Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘ü Ï╣┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘ä┘êÏÂÏ╣ Ϻ┘äϼϻ┘èÏ» ┘ê┘è┘éÏ▒Ï▒ Ϻ┘äÏÀ┘äϺ┘éÏî ┘ç┘åϺ Ï╣ϺϻϬ Ϻ┘äÏ▓┘êϼϮ ┘üÏ▒Ϻ┘åÏ│┘èÏ│ ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏ┤Ϻ┘à ┘äϬϡÏÁ┘ä Ï╣┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏÀ┘äϺ┘é Ï¿┘àÏ│ϺÏ╣ϻϮ Ϻ┘äÏ┤┘èÏ« ┘ü┘êÏ▓Ϻ┘å Ϻ┘äÏ│ϺϿ┘éÏî ┘à┘àϽ┘ä Ϻ┘ä┘à┘ä┘â Ï╣ϿϻϺ┘äÏ╣Ï▓┘èÏ▓ ┘äϺϡ┘éϺ┘ï ┘ü┘è ┘àÏÁÏ▒Ïî Ï¡┘èϽ ┘âϺ┘å ┘äϺ ┘èÏ▓Ϻ┘ä ┘à┘é┘è┘àϺ┘ï ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äÏ┤Ϻ┘à Ï╣┘åÏ»┘çϺ..
Ï¿Ï╣Ï»┘çϺ Ϭ┘üÏ▒Ï║ Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘ü ┘ä┘êÏÂÏ╣ ┘âϬϿ ┘äϬÏ╣┘ä┘à Ϻ┘ä┘äÏ║Ï® Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ï¿┘èÏ®Ïî ┘ê┘éϺ┘à Ï¿┘üϬϡ ┘àÏ»Ï▒Ï│Ï® ┘äϬÏ╣┘ä┘è┘à Ϻ┘ä┘äÏ║Ï® Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ï¿┘èÏ®Ïî ┘êÏúϽ┘åϺÏí Ï╣┘à┘ä┘ç ┘ü┘è ϬϻÏ▒┘èÏ│ Ϻ┘ä┘äÏ║Ï® ┘ü┘è Ïú┘à┘èÏ▒┘âϺ ϬÏ╣Ï▒┘ü Ï╣┘ä┘ë Ï┤ϺϿϮ Ïú┘à┘èÏ▒┘â┘èÏ® ϬϻÏ╣┘ë ┘â┘ê┘åÏ│ϬϺ┘åÏ│ ┘ê┘è┘ä┘àϺ┘åÏî Ϻ┘äϬ┘è Ï│Ï¿┘é Ïú┘å Ï▓ϺÏ▒Ϭ Ïú┘êÏ▒┘êϿϺ ┘êÏ╣┘ä┘àϬ Ïú┘å Ϻ┘äÏ¡ÏÂϺÏ▒Ï® Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ï¿┘èÏ® ┘ç┘è ÏúÏ│ϺÏ│ Ϻ┘äÏ¡ÏÂϺÏ▒Ï® Ϻ┘äÏ║Ï▒Ï¿┘èÏ®Ïî
┘ê┘ç┘ê ┘àϺ ÏúϽϺÏ▒ ┘üÏÂ┘ê┘ä┘çϺ ┘ä┘äϿϡϽ Ï╣┘å Ϻ┘ä┘äÏ║Ï® Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ï¿┘èÏ® Ϻ┘äϬ┘è ┘éϺϻϬ┘çϺ ┘åÏ¡┘ê ┘àÏ»Ï▒Ï│Ï® Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘ü ┘ä┘èϬÏ▓┘êϼ┘çϺ Ï╣Ϻ┘à 1946Ïî ┘êÏ▓Ï▒┘é ┘à┘å┘çϺ Ï¿┘ê┘äÏ» ÏúÏ│┘àϺ┘ç ┘å┘êϺ┘üÏø ┘ä┘â┘å Ï▓┘êϺϼ Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘ü ┘à┘å ┘ê┘è┘ä┘àϺ┘å ┘ä┘à ┘èÏ│Ϭ┘àÏ▒ ÏÀ┘ê┘è┘äϺÏî Ï¡┘èϽ ϻϿϬ Ϻ┘äÏ«┘äϺ┘üϺϬ ┘àϼϻϻϺ┘ï Ï¿Ï│Ï¿Ï¿ Ϻ┘äÏ╣ϺϻϺϬ ┘êϺϫϬ┘äϺ┘ü┘çϺÏî ┘ä┘è┘üϬÏ▒┘éϺ ┘êÏ╣┘àÏ▒ ϺϿ┘å┘ç ┘å┘êϺ┘ü 8 ÏúÏ┤┘çÏ▒ ┘ü┘éÏÀ.
Ï¿Ï╣Ï» Ϻ┘äÏÀ┘äϺ┘é ┘à┘å Ï▓┘êϼϬ┘ç Ϻ┘äϽϺ┘å┘èÏ® Ï¿Ï╣Ϻ┘à ┘êϺϡϻÏî Ïú┘å┘ç┘ë Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘ü ϼ┘à┘èÏ╣ ÏúÏ╣┘àϺ┘ä┘ç ┘ê┘àϻϺÏ▒Ï│┘ç ┘ü┘è Ïú┘à┘èÏ▒┘âϺ ┘êÏ╣Ϻϻ ÏÁ┘êÏ¿ Ϻ┘äÏ┤Ï▒┘é ┘ä┘èÏ│Ϭ┘éÏ▒ ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äÏ│Ï╣┘êÏ»┘èÏ®Ïî ┘ê┘èϬÏ▓┘êϼ ┘à┘å ┘üϬϺϮ ┘àÏÁÏ▒┘èÏ® ┘à┘å Ϻ┘äÏÑÏ│┘â┘åÏ»Ï▒┘èÏ® ┘ê┘èÏ▒Ï▓┘é ┘à┘å┘çϺ Ï¿ÏÀ┘ü┘äϬ┘è┘åÏî ÏÑϡϻϺ┘ç┘àϺ ÏóÏ│┘èϺÏî Ϻ┘äÏÀÏ¿┘èÏ¿Ï® Ϻ┘äÏ│Ï╣┘êÏ»┘èÏ®Ïî
┘êÏ¿Ï╣Ï» ϺÏ│Ϭ┘éÏ▒ϺÏ▒ Ï«┘ä┘è┘ä Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘ü ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äÏ│Ï╣┘êÏ»┘èÏ®Ïî ┘ä┘à ┘è┘åÏ│┘Ä ÏºÏ¿┘å┘ç ┘å┘êϺ┘üÏî ┘ä┘èÏ╣┘êÏ» ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏ│Ï╣┘êÏ»┘èÏ® ┘åÏ¡┘ê Ϻ┘ä┘ê┘äϺ┘èϺϬ Ϻ┘ä┘àϬϡϻϮ Ï¿ÏÁÏ¡Ï¿Ï® Ϻ┘äÏú┘à┘èÏ▒ ÏÀ┘äϺ┘ä Ï¿┘å Ï╣ϿϻϺ┘äÏ╣Ï▓┘èÏ▓Ïî Ï¡┘èϽ ϼÏ▒Ϭ ┘àϡϺ┘ê┘äϺϬ ┘àÏ╣ ┘â┘ê┘åÏ│ϬϺ┘åÏ│ ┘äϬÏ╣ÏÀ┘è Ï¡ÏÂϺ┘åÏ® Ϻ┘ä┘ê┘äÏ» ┘ä┘êϺ┘äÏ»┘çÏî ┘ä┘â┘å┘çϺ Ï▒┘üÏÂϬ.
┘âÏ▒Ï▒ Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘ü Ϻ┘ä┘àϡϺ┘ê┘äÏ® ┘àÏ▒Ï® ϽϺ┘å┘èÏ® ┘ü┘è Ï╣Ϻ┘à 1962Ïî Ï¡┘è┘å Ï╣Ϻϻ ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ïú┘à┘èÏ▒┘âϺ ┘àÏ╣ Ï▓┘êϼϬ┘ç Ϻ┘ä┘àÏÁÏ▒┘èÏ® ┘êϺϿ┘åϬ┘è┘çÏî ┘ä┘â┘å ┘å┘êϺ┘ü ϺϫϬ┘ü┘ë ┘ê┘ä┘à ┘èϼϻ ┘ä┘ç Ïú┘ê ┘äÏú┘à┘ç ÏúϽÏ▒ϺÏî ┘ä┘à ┘è┘èÏúÏ│ Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘üÏî ┘ê┘âÏ▒Ï▒ Ϻ┘äÏ▓┘èϺÏ▒Ï® ┘êϺ┘äϿϡϽ ┘ü┘è Ï╣Ϻ┘à 1987 ┘ä┘â┘å Ï»┘ê┘å ϼϻ┘ê┘ë.
┘éϺ┘äϬ ÏóÏ│┘èϺ: ÔÇ£┘ê┘è┘ä┘àϺ┘å Ï¿Ï╣Ï» ┘àÏ║ϺϻÏ▒Ï® Ï«┘ä┘è┘ä ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ▒Ï® Ϻ┘äÏú┘ê┘ä┘ë Ï¿Ï╣Ï» ϬÏ╣Ï▒┘ü┘çϺ Ï╣┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏ┤ϺÏ╣Ï▒ Ϻ┘ä┘àÏÁÏ▒┘è ÏúÏ¡┘àÏ» Ï▓┘â┘è ÏúÏ¿┘ê Ï┤Ϻϻ┘èÏî ÏúÏ¡Ï» ┘àÏñÏ│Ï│┘è ϼ┘àϺÏ╣Ï® ϺϿ┘ä┘ä┘ê Ϻ┘äÏ┤Ï╣Ï▒┘èÏ® ┘êϬÏ▓┘êϼϬ┘ç Ï¿Ï╣Ï» Ï╣Ϻ┘à ┘à┘å ÏÀ┘äϺ┘é┘çϺ ┘à┘å Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘üÏî ┘ê┘éÏ» ϬϿ┘å┘ë ÏúÏ¿┘ê Ï┤Ϻϻ┘è ÔÇ£┘å┘êϺ┘üÔÇØ ┘êÏ╣Ϻ┘à┘ä┘ç ┘â┘ê┘äÏ» ┘ä┘çÏî ϫϺÏÁÏ® Ïú┘å ÏúÏ¿┘ê Ï┤Ϻϻ┘è ┘èÏ╣Ï▒┘ü ÏúÏ¿┘ê ┘å┘êϺ┘üÔÇØÏø
┘ä┘â┘å ÏúÏ¿┘ê Ï┤Ϻϻ┘è ┘éÏ¿┘è┘ä ┘ê┘üϺϬ┘ç Ï╣┘àÏ» ÏÑ┘ä┘ë ϬÏ║┘è┘èÏ▒ ϺÏ│┘à ┘å┘êϺ┘ü ϺϿ┘å Ï«┘ä┘è┘ä Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘ü ÏÑ┘ä┘ë ÔÇ£┘â┘äϺ┘è┘ü ÏúÏ¿┘ê Ï┤Ϻϻ┘èÔÇØÏî ┘ê┘ä┘à ┘è┘â┘å ┘éÏ» ÏúÏ╣ÏÀ┘ë ┘àÏ╣┘ä┘ê┘àϺϬ Ï╣┘å ┘å┘êϺ┘ü ┘äÏúÏ¿┘åϺϪ┘ç ┘à┘å Ï▓┘êϼϬ┘ç Ϻ┘äÏú┘ê┘ä┘ëÏî ┘ê┘ç┘ê ┘àϺ ϼÏ╣┘ä ┘à┘ç┘àÏ® Ϻ┘äϿϡϽ Ï╣┘å ┘å┘êϺ┘ü ┘à┘å ┘éÏ¿┘ä ┘êϺ┘äÏ»┘ç Ϭ┘üÏ┤┘ä ┘àÏ▒ϺÏ▒Ϻ┘ï.
Ï¿Ï╣Ï» 17 Ï╣Ϻ┘àϺ┘ïÏî ┘âϺ┘å Ï«┘ä┘è┘ä Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘ü ┘éÏ» ÏúÏ│┘åÏ» Ϻ┘ä┘à┘ç┘àÏ® ┘äϺϿ┘å ÏúÏ«┘è┘ç Ï╣Ͻ┘àϺ┘å Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘ü ┘ä┘äϿϡϽ Ï╣┘å ┘å┘êϺ┘ü ┘êϺ┘ä┘êÏÁ┘ê┘ä ÏÑ┘ä┘è┘ç ÏúϽ┘åϺÏí ϺϿϬÏ╣ϺϽ Ï╣Ͻ┘àϺ┘å ┘ä┘äÏ»Ï▒ϺÏ│Ï® ┘ç┘åϺ┘â. Ï╣┘åÏ»┘çϺ ┘âϺ┘åϬ ┘êϺ┘äϻϮ ┘å┘êϺ┘ü ┘àϬÏ▓┘êϼϮ Ï¿Ï╣Ï» ┘ê┘üϺϮ Ï▓┘êϼ┘çϺ ÏúÏ¿┘ê Ï┤Ϻϻ┘è ┘êÏ╣ϺϻϬ ┘ä┘äϺϫϬ┘üϺÏí ┘àÏ▒Ï®┘ï ÏúÏ«Ï▒┘ëÏî ┘êÏ¿Ï╣Ï» ϿϡϽ ┘àÏÂ┘å┘ìÏî ┘êÏ╣┘å ÏÀÏ▒┘è┘é ┘àÏ¡┘é┘é ϫϺÏÁ Ϭ┘à Ϻ┘äϬÏ╣Ï▒┘ü Ï╣┘ä┘ë ÔÇ£┘å┘êϺ┘ü Ï«┘ä┘è┘ä Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘üÔÇØ Ïº┘äÏ░┘è ÏúÏÁÏ¿Ï¡ ϺÏ│┘à┘ç ÔÇ£┘â┘äϺ┘è┘ü ┘ê┘è┘ä┘àϺ┘åÔÇØÏî ┘êϬ┘à Ϻ┘äϬ┘êÏÁ┘ä ÏÑ┘ä┘è┘ç.
┘êÏú┘êÏÂÏ¡ ┘â┘äϺ┘è┘ü Ïú┘å ┘êϺ┘äϻϬ┘ç ϬÏ▓┘êϼϬ ┘à┘å Ï¿Ï▒┘èÏÀϺ┘å┘è: ÔÇ£Ï░┘çÏ¿┘åϺ ÏÑ┘ä┘ë ┘ç┘åϺ┘â Ͻ┘à Ï╣Ï»┘åϺ ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ïú┘à┘èÏ▒┘âϺ ┘êϺÏ┤ϬÏ▒┘âϬ┘Å ┘ü┘è Ï¡Ï▒Ï¿ ┘ü┘èϬ┘åϺ┘à ÏÂ┘à┘å Ϻ┘äϼ┘èÏ┤ Ϻ┘äÏú┘à┘èÏ▒┘â┘èÏî ┘êÏ¿Ï╣Ï»┘çϺ Ï│Ïú┘äϬ ┘êϺ┘äϻϬ┘è Ï¿Ï╣┘ü┘ê┘èÏ® Ï╣┘å ┘êϺ┘äÏ»┘è ┘ü┘éϺ┘äϬ ϺÏÀ┘äÏ¿ Ï░┘ä┘â ┘à┘å Ï│┘üϺÏ▒Ï® Ϻ┘äÏ│Ï╣┘êÏ»┘èÏ®ÔÇØ.
Ï╣┘à┘ä ┘å┘êϺ┘ü Ï╣┘ä┘ë ┘àϫϺÏÀÏ¿Ï® Ϻ┘äÏ│┘üϺÏ▒Ï® Ϻ┘äÏ│Ï╣┘êÏ»┘èÏ® Ï¿ÏúÏ▒Ï¿Ï╣Ï® Ï«ÏÀϺϿϺϬ ┘äÏÀ┘äÏ¿ ┘àÏ╣┘ä┘ê┘àϺϬ Ï╣┘å ┘êϺ┘äÏ»┘ç ┘ä┘â┘å┘ç ┘ä┘à ┘èϬ┘ä┘é┘Ä Ïú┘è ÏÑϼϺϿϮ. ┘ê┘âϺ┘åϬ ┘êϺ┘äϻϮ ┘å┘êϺ┘ü ┘éÏ» ┘éϺ┘äϬ ÏÑ┘å┘çϺ ϫϺ┘üϬ Ïú┘å ┘èÏúÏ«Ï░ Ï«┘ä┘è┘ä ϺϿ┘å┘ç ┘üÏ╣┘àϻϬ ÏÑ┘ä┘ë ϬÏ║┘è┘èÏ▒ ϺÏ│┘à┘çÏî Ï«ÏÁ┘êÏÁϺ┘ï Ïú┘å ϺÏ│┘à┘ç ┘àÏ│ϬÏ║Ï▒Ï¿ ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘ä┘ê┘äϺ┘èϺϬ Ϻ┘ä┘àϬϡϻϮ ┘ä┘èϬ┘à ϬÏ║┘è┘èÏ▒┘ç ÏÑ┘ä┘ë ┘â┘äϺ┘è┘ü.
┘êϬ┘à┘â┘å ┘ÇÏ«┘ä┘è┘ä Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘üÏî ┘å Ï«┘êÏ ϬϼÏ▒Ï¿Ï® ┘ü┘è ┘ç┘ê┘ä┘è┘ê┘êÏ»Ïî ┘ä┘è┘â┘å Ïú┘ê┘ä Ï╣Ï▒Ï¿┘è ┘èÏ┤ϺÏ▒┘â ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äϬ┘àϽ┘è┘ä Ï¿┘ç┘ê┘ä┘è┘ê┘êÏ» ┘ä┘èÏ│Ï¿┘é Ï╣┘àÏ▒ Ϻ┘äÏ┤Ï▒┘è┘ü ┘êϺ┘ä┘äÏ¿┘åϺ┘å┘è ϼ┘êÏ▒ϼ ┘åϺϻÏ▒Ïî ┘ê┘âϺ┘å ϺϫϬ┘èϺÏ▒┘ç ┘äÏÑϼϺϻϬ┘ç Ϻ┘ä┘äÏ║Ï® Ϻ┘äÏÑ┘åϼ┘ä┘èÏ▓┘èÏ®Ïî ┘ê┘âϺ┘åϬ ┘àÏ┤ϺÏ▒┘âÏ® Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘ü ┘àÏ╣ Ϻ┘ä┘à┘àϽ┘ä Ϻ┘äÏ┤┘ç┘èÏ▒ ϼ┘ê┘å ┘êϺ┘è┘å ┘ü┘è ┘ü┘è┘ä┘à ÔÇ£┘â┘åϬ ┘àÏ▒ϺÏ│┘äϺ Ï¡Ï▒Ï¿┘èϺÔÇØÏî ┘ê┘âϺ┘å Ï»┘êÏ▒┘ç ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘ä┘ü┘è┘ä┘à ϡϺÏ▒Ï│Ϻ Ï¿Ï»┘ê┘èϺ ┘äÏ┤┘èÏ« ┘éÏ¿┘è┘äÏ® ┘ü┘è ÏÁÏ¡Ï▒ϺÏí Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ϻ┘é..
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Ï¿Ï╣Ï» ┘åÏ¡┘ê 85 Ï╣Ϻ┘àϺ┘ïÏî Ï©┘çÏ▒Ϭ ┘éÏÁÏ® ┘àϽ┘èÏ▒Ï® Ï¿ÏÀ┘ä┘çϺ ┘à┘êϺÏÀ┘å Ï│Ï╣┘êÏ»┘è ┘èÏ»Ï╣┘ë Ï«┘ä┘è┘ä Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘ü Ï░┘ä┘â Ϻ┘äÏ▒ϼ┘ä Ϻ┘äÏ░┘è Ï│Ϻ┘üÏ▒ ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ïú┘àÏ▒┘è┘âϺ ┘êϼϺ┘ä Ï¿Ïú┘âϽÏ▒ ┘à┘å ┘éϺÏ▒Ï® ϿϡϽ┘ïϺ Ï╣┘å ┘àÏÁÏ»Ï▒ Ï▒Ï▓┘éÏø ┘êÏ┤┘çϻϬ Ï¡┘èϺϬ┘ç ϿϺ┘äÏ╣Ï»┘èÏ» ┘à┘å Ϻ┘ä┘ä┘éÏÀϺϬ ┘êϺ┘ä┘àÏ┤Ϻ┘çÏ» Ϻ┘äÏ║Ï▒┘èÏ¿Ï® ┘êϺ┘ä┘àϽ┘èÏ▒Ï®.
┘êϬ┘üÏÁ┘è┘äϺ: Ï«┘ä┘è┘ä Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘üÏî Ï░┘ä┘â Ϻ┘ä┘åϼϻ┘è Ϻ┘ä┘åÏ¡┘è┘ä Ϻ┘äÏ░┘è ϬϡÏ▒┘â ┘àÏ╣ ┘é┘êϺ┘ü┘ä Ϻ┘äÏ╣┘é┘è┘äϺϬ ┘ü┘è ϬϼϺÏ▒Ϭ┘çϺ Ϻ┘äÏ┤┘ç┘èÏ▒Ï® ┘äÏÀ┘äÏ¿ Ϻ┘äÏ▒Ï▓┘é ┘ü┘è Ïú┘åϡϺÏí ┘à┘å Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ϻ┘é ┘ê Ï│┘êÏ▒┘èϺ ┘ê ┘ü┘äÏ│ÏÀ┘è┘å ┘ü┘è Ï░┘ä┘â Ϻ┘ä┘ê┘éϬ ┘éϺϻ┘ç Ϻ┘äÏ¡Ï¿ ┘üϼÏúÏ® ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ïú┘à┘èÏ▒┘âϺÏî ┘äϬϬÏ║┘èÏ▒ Ï¡┘èϺϬ┘ç ┘â┘ä┘èϺ┘ïÏî ┘ê┘èϻϫ┘ä ÔÇ£┘ç┘ê┘ä┘è┘ê┘êÏ»ÔÇØ ┘ê┘èÏ┤ϺÏ▒┘â ϺϿ┘å┘ç ┘ü┘è Ï¡Ï▒Ï¿ ┘ü┘èϬ┘åϺ┘à ┘àÏ╣ Ϻ┘äϼ┘èÏ┤ Ϻ┘äÏú┘à┘èÏ▒┘â┘è.
ϺÏ▒ϬϿÏÀ Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘ü ϿϺ┘äÏ╣┘é┘è┘äϺϬ Ϭ┘ä┘â Ϻ┘äÏ¡Ï▒┘âÏ® Ϻ┘äϬϼϺÏ▒┘èÏ® Ϻ┘äϬ┘è Ï¿Ï»ÏúϬ ┘à┘å Ϻ┘ä┘éÏÁ┘è┘àÏî Ï¡┘èϽ ┘è┘åÏÀ┘ä┘é ϬϼϺÏ▒┘çϺ ϬϼϺ┘ç Ϻ┘äÏ┤Ϻ┘à ┘ü┘è ϬϼϺÏ▒Ï® Ï¿┘è┘å┘èÏ® ϬÏ╣Ϭ┘àÏ» Ï╣┘ä┘ë ϬϼϺÏ▒Ï® Ϻ┘äÏÑÏ¿┘ä ┘êϼ┘äÏ¿ Ï¿Ï╣Ï Ϻ┘ä┘à┘åϬϼϺϬ Ϻ┘äÏ┤┘ç┘èÏ▒Ï® ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ϻ┘é ┘êϺ┘äÏ┤Ϻ┘à ┘ê┘àÏÁÏ▒.
┘ü┘è Ï╣┘àÏ▒ Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï┤Ï▒┘è┘åÏî ÏúÏ▒Ï║┘à Ϻ┘äϼ┘êÏ╣ ┘êϺ┘ä┘ü┘éÏ▒ Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘ü Ï╣┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äϬ┘êϼ┘ç ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ï║Ï▒Ï¿Ï® Ϻ┘äÏ╣┘é┘è┘äϺϬ ┘ê┘à┘å┘çϺ Ï¿Ï»ÏúϬ Ï▒Ï¡┘äÏ® ┘à┘ä┘èϪϮ ϿϺ┘äÏúϡϻϺϽ Ϻ┘äϬ┘è ┘èÏ▒┘ê┘è┘çϺ ┘ü┘è ┘âϬϺϿ┘ç Ϻ┘äÏ░┘è Ϭ┘à ┘åÏ┤Ï▒┘ç Ï¿Ï╣Ï» ┘ê┘üϺϬ┘ç ϬϡϬ ϺÏ│┘à ÔÇ£ÏÁ┘üϡϺϬ ┘àÏÀ┘ê┘èÏ® ┘à┘å ϬϺÏ▒┘èÏ«┘åϺ Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ï¿┘è Ϻ┘äÏ¡Ï»┘èϽÔÇØ Ïº┘äÏ░┘è Ϭ┘à ┘åÏ┤Ï▒┘ç Ï¿Ï╣Ï» ┘ê┘üϺϬ┘ç ϿϽ┘äϺϽϮ Ï╣Ï┤Ï▒ Ï╣Ϻ┘àϺ┘ïÏî Ï¡┘èϽ Ϭ┘ê┘ü┘è Ï«┘ä┘è┘ä Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘ü Ï╣Ϻ┘à 2
┘à.┘ê┘ê┘ü┘é┘ïϺ ┘ä┘ÇÔÇØϺ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ï¿┘èÏ®ÔÇØÏî ┘ä┘à ┘èÏ│ϬÏÀÏ╣ Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘ü Ïú┘å ┘èÏ╣┘èÏ┤ Ï¡┘èϺϮ Ϻ┘äÏú┘ä┘ü┘èÏ® Ϻ┘äϼϻ┘èϻϮÏî Ï║ϺϻÏ▒ ┘êϬÏ▒┘â ϺϿ┘åϬ┘è┘å.. ÏóÏ│┘èϺ ϬÏ╣┘à┘ä ÏÀÏ¿┘èÏ¿Ï® ┘ü┘è ÏúÏ¡Ï» Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ│ϬÏ┤┘ü┘èϺϬ ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘èϺÏÂÏî ┘êϺ┘äÏúÏ«Ï▒┘ë ┘ü┘è Ï│┘ä┘â Ϻ┘äϬÏ╣┘ä┘è┘àÏî ┘êϺϿ┘åϺ ┘èÏ¡┘à┘ä ϺÏ│┘à ┘å┘êϺ┘üÏî ┘ê┘äÏ» ┘à┘å Ïú┘à Ïú┘à┘èÏ▒┘â┘èÏ®Ïî Ϻ┘å┘éÏÀÏ╣Ϭ ÏúϫϿϺÏ▒┘ç ┘à┘åÏ░ ┘üϬÏ▒Ï® ÏÀ┘ê┘è┘äÏ®.
┘ê┘ü┘è Ï╣Ϻ┘à 1932Ïî ┘ü┘è ┘ü┘åÏ»┘é ϻϼ┘äÏ® ÏÁϺϻ┘ü ┘êϼ┘êÏ» Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘ü ÏÑ┘éϺ┘àÏ® Ï│ϺϪϡϮ Ïú┘à┘èÏ▒┘â┘èÏ® ϽÏ▒┘èÏ® ┘ü┘è ┘å┘üÏ│ Ϻ┘ä┘ê┘éϬ ϬϻÏ╣┘ë ┘üÏ▒Ϻ┘åÏ│┘èÏ│ Ϻ┘ä┘èÏ│┘ê┘åÏî ┘êÏÁϺϻ┘ü ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘ä┘ü┘åÏ»┘é ┘êϼ┘êÏ» Ϻ┘äÏ»┘âϬ┘êÏ▒ Ï«┘èÏ▒Ϻ┘ä┘ä┘çÏî ┘ê┘ç┘ê ┘à┘å Ïú┘êϺϪ┘ä Ϻ┘ä┘à┘çϺϼÏ▒┘è┘å Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ï¿ ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘ä┘ê┘äϺ┘èϺϬ Ϻ┘ä┘àϬϡϻϮ Ϻ┘äÏú┘à┘èÏ▒┘â┘èÏ®Ïî ┘êϬ┘êÏÀϻϬ Ï╣┘äϺ┘éÏ® Ϻ┘äϽ┘äϺϽϮÏî Ï«ÏÁ┘êÏÁϺ┘ï Ï¿┘è┘å Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘ü ┘êϺ┘äÏú┘à┘èÏ▒┘â┘èÏ® Ϻ┘äÏ┤┘éÏ▒ϺÏí Ϻ┘äϬ┘è ϼÏ░ϿϬ ϺϿ┘å Ϻ┘ä┘éÏÁ┘è┘à ϬϺÏ▒┘âϺ┘ï ϬϼϺÏ▒Ϭ┘ç ┘àÏ▒Ϻ┘ü┘éϺ┘ï ÏÑ┘èϺ┘çϺ ┘à┘å Ï¿Ï║ϻϺϻ ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ï»┘àÏ┤┘é ┘ê┘à┘å┘çϺ ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ï¿┘èÏ▒┘êϬÏø
┘ä┘â┘å ┘ç┘åϺ┘âÏî Ï║ϺϻÏ▒Ϭ Ϻ┘äÏú┘à┘èÏ▒┘â┘èÏ® ┘åÏ¡┘ê ┘å┘è┘ê┘è┘êÏ▒┘â ┘ê┘àÏ╣┘çϺ ÏúÏ«Ï░Ϭ ┘é┘äÏ¿ Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘üÏî Ï«ÏÁ┘êÏÁϺ┘ï Ïú┘å┘çϺ ┘êÏ╣ϻϬ┘ç Ï¿Ï╣┘êϻϬ┘çϺ ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏ┤Ϻ┘àÏî ┘äϬÏ╣Ϭ┘å┘é Ϻ┘äÏÑÏ│┘äϺ┘à ┘êϬϬÏ▓┘êϼ┘çÏî ┘êÏ¿Ï╣Ï» Ͻ┘äϺϽ Ï│┘å┘êϺϬ ┘à┘å ┘àÏ║ϺϻÏ▒Ï® ┘üÏ▒Ϻ┘åÏ│┘èÏ│ Ï╣Ϻϻ Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘ü ┘àÏ▒Ï®┘ï ÏúÏ«Ï▒┘ë ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏ┤Ϻ┘à ┘à┘åϬϩÏ▒Ϻ┘ï ┘üÏ▒Ϻ┘åÏ│┘èÏ│ Ϻ┘äϬ┘è ┘êÏÁ┘äϬ ┘äϬ┘å┘üÏ░ ┘êÏ╣Ï»┘çϺÏî Ï¡┘èϽ ϬÏ▓┘êϼϺ ┘êϺ┘åÏÀ┘ä┘éϺ Ï╣Ï¿Ï▒ ÏÑÏ¡Ï»┘ë Ϻ┘äÏ¿┘êϺϫÏ▒ ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ïú┘à┘èÏ▒┘âϺ.
┘ä┘â┘å Ï│Ï▒┘èÏ╣Ϻ ϻϿ Ϻ┘äÏ«┘äϺ┘ü Ï¿┘è┘å┘ç┘àϺÏî ┘ü┘ÇϺ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘ü ┘ä┘à ┘èÏ╣Ϭϻ Ïú┘å ┘èÏ▒┘ë Ï▓┘êϼϬ┘ç ┘ç┘è ┘à┘å Ϭ┘é┘êÏ» Ϻ┘äÏ│┘èϺÏ▒Ï®Ïî ┘ê┘ç┘è ┘à┘å ϬÏ│Ϭ┘éÏ¿┘ä Ϻ┘äÏÂ┘è┘ê┘üÏî ┘ê┘âÏ░┘ä┘â Ϭ┘é┘ê┘à ϿϬÏ│Ï»┘èÏ» Ϻ┘ä┘å┘é┘êÏ» ┘ä┘èϽ┘êÏ▒ Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘ü Ï╣┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘ä┘êÏÂÏ╣ Ϻ┘äϼϻ┘èÏ» ┘ê┘è┘éÏ▒Ï▒ Ϻ┘äÏÀ┘äϺ┘éÏî ┘ç┘åϺ Ï╣ϺϻϬ Ϻ┘äÏ▓┘êϼϮ ┘üÏ▒Ϻ┘åÏ│┘èÏ│ ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏ┤Ϻ┘à ┘äϬϡÏÁ┘ä Ï╣┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏÀ┘äϺ┘é Ï¿┘àÏ│ϺÏ╣ϻϮ Ϻ┘äÏ┤┘èÏ« ┘ü┘êÏ▓Ϻ┘å Ϻ┘äÏ│ϺϿ┘éÏî ┘à┘àϽ┘ä Ϻ┘ä┘à┘ä┘â Ï╣ϿϻϺ┘äÏ╣Ï▓┘èÏ▓ ┘äϺϡ┘éϺ┘ï ┘ü┘è ┘àÏÁÏ▒Ïî Ï¡┘èϽ ┘âϺ┘å ┘äϺ ┘èÏ▓Ϻ┘ä ┘à┘é┘è┘àϺ┘ï ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äÏ┤Ϻ┘à Ï╣┘åÏ»┘çϺ..
Ï¿Ï╣Ï»┘çϺ Ϭ┘üÏ▒Ï║ Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘ü ┘ä┘êÏÂÏ╣ ┘âϬϿ ┘äϬÏ╣┘ä┘à Ϻ┘ä┘äÏ║Ï® Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ï¿┘èÏ®Ïî ┘ê┘éϺ┘à Ï¿┘üϬϡ ┘àÏ»Ï▒Ï│Ï® ┘äϬÏ╣┘ä┘è┘à Ϻ┘ä┘äÏ║Ï® Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ï¿┘èÏ®Ïî ┘êÏúϽ┘åϺÏí Ï╣┘à┘ä┘ç ┘ü┘è ϬϻÏ▒┘èÏ│ Ϻ┘ä┘äÏ║Ï® ┘ü┘è Ïú┘à┘èÏ▒┘âϺ ϬÏ╣Ï▒┘ü Ï╣┘ä┘ë Ï┤ϺϿϮ Ïú┘à┘èÏ▒┘â┘èÏ® ϬϻÏ╣┘ë ┘â┘ê┘åÏ│ϬϺ┘åÏ│ ┘ê┘è┘ä┘àϺ┘åÏî Ϻ┘äϬ┘è Ï│Ï¿┘é Ïú┘å Ï▓ϺÏ▒Ϭ Ïú┘êÏ▒┘êϿϺ ┘êÏ╣┘ä┘àϬ Ïú┘å Ϻ┘äÏ¡ÏÂϺÏ▒Ï® Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ï¿┘èÏ® ┘ç┘è ÏúÏ│ϺÏ│ Ϻ┘äÏ¡ÏÂϺÏ▒Ï® Ϻ┘äÏ║Ï▒Ï¿┘èÏ®Ïî
┘ê┘ç┘ê ┘àϺ ÏúϽϺÏ▒ ┘üÏÂ┘ê┘ä┘çϺ ┘ä┘äϿϡϽ Ï╣┘å Ϻ┘ä┘äÏ║Ï® Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ï¿┘èÏ® Ϻ┘äϬ┘è ┘éϺϻϬ┘çϺ ┘åÏ¡┘ê ┘àÏ»Ï▒Ï│Ï® Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘ü ┘ä┘èϬÏ▓┘êϼ┘çϺ Ï╣Ϻ┘à 1946Ïî ┘êÏ▓Ï▒┘é ┘à┘å┘çϺ Ï¿┘ê┘äÏ» ÏúÏ│┘àϺ┘ç ┘å┘êϺ┘üÏø ┘ä┘â┘å Ï▓┘êϺϼ Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘ü ┘à┘å ┘ê┘è┘ä┘àϺ┘å ┘ä┘à ┘èÏ│Ϭ┘àÏ▒ ÏÀ┘ê┘è┘äϺÏî Ï¡┘èϽ ϻϿϬ Ϻ┘äÏ«┘äϺ┘üϺϬ ┘àϼϻϻϺ┘ï Ï¿Ï│Ï¿Ï¿ Ϻ┘äÏ╣ϺϻϺϬ ┘êϺϫϬ┘äϺ┘ü┘çϺÏî ┘ä┘è┘üϬÏ▒┘éϺ ┘êÏ╣┘àÏ▒ ϺϿ┘å┘ç ┘å┘êϺ┘ü 8 ÏúÏ┤┘çÏ▒ ┘ü┘éÏÀ.
Ï¿Ï╣Ï» Ϻ┘äÏÀ┘äϺ┘é ┘à┘å Ï▓┘êϼϬ┘ç Ϻ┘äϽϺ┘å┘èÏ® Ï¿Ï╣Ϻ┘à ┘êϺϡϻÏî Ïú┘å┘ç┘ë Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘ü ϼ┘à┘èÏ╣ ÏúÏ╣┘àϺ┘ä┘ç ┘ê┘àϻϺÏ▒Ï│┘ç ┘ü┘è Ïú┘à┘èÏ▒┘âϺ ┘êÏ╣Ϻϻ ÏÁ┘êÏ¿ Ϻ┘äÏ┤Ï▒┘é ┘ä┘èÏ│Ϭ┘éÏ▒ ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äÏ│Ï╣┘êÏ»┘èÏ®Ïî ┘ê┘èϬÏ▓┘êϼ ┘à┘å ┘üϬϺϮ ┘àÏÁÏ▒┘èÏ® ┘à┘å Ϻ┘äÏÑÏ│┘â┘åÏ»Ï▒┘èÏ® ┘ê┘èÏ▒Ï▓┘é ┘à┘å┘çϺ Ï¿ÏÀ┘ü┘äϬ┘è┘åÏî ÏÑϡϻϺ┘ç┘àϺ ÏóÏ│┘èϺÏî Ϻ┘äÏÀÏ¿┘èÏ¿Ï® Ϻ┘äÏ│Ï╣┘êÏ»┘èÏ®Ïî
┘êÏ¿Ï╣Ï» ϺÏ│Ϭ┘éÏ▒ϺÏ▒ Ï«┘ä┘è┘ä Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘ü ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äÏ│Ï╣┘êÏ»┘èÏ®Ïî ┘ä┘à ┘è┘åÏ│┘Ä ÏºÏ¿┘å┘ç ┘å┘êϺ┘üÏî ┘ä┘èÏ╣┘êÏ» ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏ│Ï╣┘êÏ»┘èÏ® ┘åÏ¡┘ê Ϻ┘ä┘ê┘äϺ┘èϺϬ Ϻ┘ä┘àϬϡϻϮ Ï¿ÏÁÏ¡Ï¿Ï® Ϻ┘äÏú┘à┘èÏ▒ ÏÀ┘äϺ┘ä Ï¿┘å Ï╣ϿϻϺ┘äÏ╣Ï▓┘èÏ▓Ïî Ï¡┘èϽ ϼÏ▒Ϭ ┘àϡϺ┘ê┘äϺϬ ┘àÏ╣ ┘â┘ê┘åÏ│ϬϺ┘åÏ│ ┘äϬÏ╣ÏÀ┘è Ï¡ÏÂϺ┘åÏ® Ϻ┘ä┘ê┘äÏ» ┘ä┘êϺ┘äÏ»┘çÏî ┘ä┘â┘å┘çϺ Ï▒┘üÏÂϬ.
┘âÏ▒Ï▒ Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘ü Ϻ┘ä┘àϡϺ┘ê┘äÏ® ┘àÏ▒Ï® ϽϺ┘å┘èÏ® ┘ü┘è Ï╣Ϻ┘à 1962Ïî Ï¡┘è┘å Ï╣Ϻϻ ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ïú┘à┘èÏ▒┘âϺ ┘àÏ╣ Ï▓┘êϼϬ┘ç Ϻ┘ä┘àÏÁÏ▒┘èÏ® ┘êϺϿ┘åϬ┘è┘çÏî ┘ä┘â┘å ┘å┘êϺ┘ü ϺϫϬ┘ü┘ë ┘ê┘ä┘à ┘èϼϻ ┘ä┘ç Ïú┘ê ┘äÏú┘à┘ç ÏúϽÏ▒ϺÏî ┘ä┘à ┘è┘èÏúÏ│ Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘üÏî ┘ê┘âÏ▒Ï▒ Ϻ┘äÏ▓┘èϺÏ▒Ï® ┘êϺ┘äϿϡϽ ┘ü┘è Ï╣Ϻ┘à 1987 ┘ä┘â┘å Ï»┘ê┘å ϼϻ┘ê┘ë.
┘éϺ┘äϬ ÏóÏ│┘èϺ: ÔÇ£┘ê┘è┘ä┘àϺ┘å Ï¿Ï╣Ï» ┘àÏ║ϺϻÏ▒Ï® Ï«┘ä┘è┘ä ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘ä┘àÏ▒Ï® Ϻ┘äÏú┘ê┘ä┘ë Ï¿Ï╣Ï» ϬÏ╣Ï▒┘ü┘çϺ Ï╣┘ä┘ë Ϻ┘äÏ┤ϺÏ╣Ï▒ Ϻ┘ä┘àÏÁÏ▒┘è ÏúÏ¡┘àÏ» Ï▓┘â┘è ÏúÏ¿┘ê Ï┤Ϻϻ┘èÏî ÏúÏ¡Ï» ┘àÏñÏ│Ï│┘è ϼ┘àϺÏ╣Ï® ϺϿ┘ä┘ä┘ê Ϻ┘äÏ┤Ï╣Ï▒┘èÏ® ┘êϬÏ▓┘êϼϬ┘ç Ï¿Ï╣Ï» Ï╣Ϻ┘à ┘à┘å ÏÀ┘äϺ┘é┘çϺ ┘à┘å Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘üÏî ┘ê┘éÏ» ϬϿ┘å┘ë ÏúÏ¿┘ê Ï┤Ϻϻ┘è ÔÇ£┘å┘êϺ┘üÔÇØ ┘êÏ╣Ϻ┘à┘ä┘ç ┘â┘ê┘äÏ» ┘ä┘çÏî ϫϺÏÁÏ® Ïú┘å ÏúÏ¿┘ê Ï┤Ϻϻ┘è ┘èÏ╣Ï▒┘ü ÏúÏ¿┘ê ┘å┘êϺ┘üÔÇØÏø
┘ä┘â┘å ÏúÏ¿┘ê Ï┤Ϻϻ┘è ┘éÏ¿┘è┘ä ┘ê┘üϺϬ┘ç Ï╣┘àÏ» ÏÑ┘ä┘ë ϬÏ║┘è┘èÏ▒ ϺÏ│┘à ┘å┘êϺ┘ü ϺϿ┘å Ï«┘ä┘è┘ä Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘ü ÏÑ┘ä┘ë ÔÇ£┘â┘äϺ┘è┘ü ÏúÏ¿┘ê Ï┤Ϻϻ┘èÔÇØÏî ┘ê┘ä┘à ┘è┘â┘å ┘éÏ» ÏúÏ╣ÏÀ┘ë ┘àÏ╣┘ä┘ê┘àϺϬ Ï╣┘å ┘å┘êϺ┘ü ┘äÏúÏ¿┘åϺϪ┘ç ┘à┘å Ï▓┘êϼϬ┘ç Ϻ┘äÏú┘ê┘ä┘ëÏî ┘ê┘ç┘ê ┘àϺ ϼÏ╣┘ä ┘à┘ç┘àÏ® Ϻ┘äϿϡϽ Ï╣┘å ┘å┘êϺ┘ü ┘à┘å ┘éÏ¿┘ä ┘êϺ┘äÏ»┘ç Ϭ┘üÏ┤┘ä ┘àÏ▒ϺÏ▒Ϻ┘ï.
Ï¿Ï╣Ï» 17 Ï╣Ϻ┘àϺ┘ïÏî ┘âϺ┘å Ï«┘ä┘è┘ä Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘ü ┘éÏ» ÏúÏ│┘åÏ» Ϻ┘ä┘à┘ç┘àÏ® ┘äϺϿ┘å ÏúÏ«┘è┘ç Ï╣Ͻ┘àϺ┘å Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘ü ┘ä┘äϿϡϽ Ï╣┘å ┘å┘êϺ┘ü ┘êϺ┘ä┘êÏÁ┘ê┘ä ÏÑ┘ä┘è┘ç ÏúϽ┘åϺÏí ϺϿϬÏ╣ϺϽ Ï╣Ͻ┘àϺ┘å ┘ä┘äÏ»Ï▒ϺÏ│Ï® ┘ç┘åϺ┘â. Ï╣┘åÏ»┘çϺ ┘âϺ┘åϬ ┘êϺ┘äϻϮ ┘å┘êϺ┘ü ┘àϬÏ▓┘êϼϮ Ï¿Ï╣Ï» ┘ê┘üϺϮ Ï▓┘êϼ┘çϺ ÏúÏ¿┘ê Ï┤Ϻϻ┘è ┘êÏ╣ϺϻϬ ┘ä┘äϺϫϬ┘üϺÏí ┘àÏ▒Ï®┘ï ÏúÏ«Ï▒┘ëÏî ┘êÏ¿Ï╣Ï» ϿϡϽ ┘àÏÂ┘å┘ìÏî ┘êÏ╣┘å ÏÀÏ▒┘è┘é ┘àÏ¡┘é┘é ϫϺÏÁ Ϭ┘à Ϻ┘äϬÏ╣Ï▒┘ü Ï╣┘ä┘ë ÔÇ£┘å┘êϺ┘ü Ï«┘ä┘è┘ä Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘üÔÇØ Ïº┘äÏ░┘è ÏúÏÁÏ¿Ï¡ ϺÏ│┘à┘ç ÔÇ£┘â┘äϺ┘è┘ü ┘ê┘è┘ä┘àϺ┘åÔÇØÏî ┘êϬ┘à Ϻ┘äϬ┘êÏÁ┘ä ÏÑ┘ä┘è┘ç.
┘êÏú┘êÏÂÏ¡ ┘â┘äϺ┘è┘ü Ïú┘å ┘êϺ┘äϻϬ┘ç ϬÏ▓┘êϼϬ ┘à┘å Ï¿Ï▒┘èÏÀϺ┘å┘è: ÔÇ£Ï░┘çÏ¿┘åϺ ÏÑ┘ä┘ë ┘ç┘åϺ┘â Ͻ┘à Ï╣Ï»┘åϺ ÏÑ┘ä┘ë Ïú┘à┘èÏ▒┘âϺ ┘êϺÏ┤ϬÏ▒┘âϬ┘Å ┘ü┘è Ï¡Ï▒Ï¿ ┘ü┘èϬ┘åϺ┘à ÏÂ┘à┘å Ϻ┘äϼ┘èÏ┤ Ϻ┘äÏú┘à┘èÏ▒┘â┘èÏî ┘êÏ¿Ï╣Ï»┘çϺ Ï│Ïú┘äϬ ┘êϺ┘äϻϬ┘è Ï¿Ï╣┘ü┘ê┘èÏ® Ï╣┘å ┘êϺ┘äÏ»┘è ┘ü┘éϺ┘äϬ ϺÏÀ┘äÏ¿ Ï░┘ä┘â ┘à┘å Ï│┘üϺÏ▒Ï® Ϻ┘äÏ│Ï╣┘êÏ»┘èÏ®ÔÇØ.
Ï╣┘à┘ä ┘å┘êϺ┘ü Ï╣┘ä┘ë ┘àϫϺÏÀÏ¿Ï® Ϻ┘äÏ│┘üϺÏ▒Ï® Ϻ┘äÏ│Ï╣┘êÏ»┘èÏ® Ï¿ÏúÏ▒Ï¿Ï╣Ï® Ï«ÏÀϺϿϺϬ ┘äÏÀ┘äÏ¿ ┘àÏ╣┘ä┘ê┘àϺϬ Ï╣┘å ┘êϺ┘äÏ»┘ç ┘ä┘â┘å┘ç ┘ä┘à ┘èϬ┘ä┘é┘Ä Ïú┘è ÏÑϼϺϿϮ. ┘ê┘âϺ┘åϬ ┘êϺ┘äϻϮ ┘å┘êϺ┘ü ┘éÏ» ┘éϺ┘äϬ ÏÑ┘å┘çϺ ϫϺ┘üϬ Ïú┘å ┘èÏúÏ«Ï░ Ï«┘ä┘è┘ä ϺϿ┘å┘ç ┘üÏ╣┘àϻϬ ÏÑ┘ä┘ë ϬÏ║┘è┘èÏ▒ ϺÏ│┘à┘çÏî Ï«ÏÁ┘êÏÁϺ┘ï Ïú┘å ϺÏ│┘à┘ç ┘àÏ│ϬÏ║Ï▒Ï¿ ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘ä┘ê┘äϺ┘èϺϬ Ϻ┘ä┘àϬϡϻϮ ┘ä┘èϬ┘à ϬÏ║┘è┘èÏ▒┘ç ÏÑ┘ä┘ë ┘â┘äϺ┘è┘ü.
┘êϬ┘à┘â┘å ┘ÇÏ«┘ä┘è┘ä Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘üÏî ┘å Ï«┘êÏ ϬϼÏ▒Ï¿Ï® ┘ü┘è ┘ç┘ê┘ä┘è┘ê┘êÏ»Ïî ┘ä┘è┘â┘å Ïú┘ê┘ä Ï╣Ï▒Ï¿┘è ┘èÏ┤ϺÏ▒┘â ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘äϬ┘àϽ┘è┘ä Ï¿┘ç┘ê┘ä┘è┘ê┘êÏ» ┘ä┘èÏ│Ï¿┘é Ï╣┘àÏ▒ Ϻ┘äÏ┤Ï▒┘è┘ü ┘êϺ┘ä┘äÏ¿┘åϺ┘å┘è ϼ┘êÏ▒ϼ ┘åϺϻÏ▒Ïî ┘ê┘âϺ┘å ϺϫϬ┘èϺÏ▒┘ç ┘äÏÑϼϺϻϬ┘ç Ϻ┘ä┘äÏ║Ï® Ϻ┘äÏÑ┘åϼ┘ä┘èÏ▓┘èÏ®Ïî ┘ê┘âϺ┘åϬ ┘àÏ┤ϺÏ▒┘âÏ® Ϻ┘äÏ▒┘êϺ┘ü ┘àÏ╣ Ϻ┘ä┘à┘àϽ┘ä Ϻ┘äÏ┤┘ç┘èÏ▒ ϼ┘ê┘å ┘êϺ┘è┘å ┘ü┘è ┘ü┘è┘ä┘à ÔÇ£┘â┘åϬ ┘àÏ▒ϺÏ│┘äϺ Ï¡Ï▒Ï¿┘èϺÔÇØÏî ┘ê┘âϺ┘å Ï»┘êÏ▒┘ç ┘ü┘è Ϻ┘ä┘ü┘è┘ä┘à ϡϺÏ▒Ï│Ϻ Ï¿Ï»┘ê┘èϺ ┘äÏ┤┘èÏ« ┘éÏ¿┘è┘äÏ® ┘ü┘è ÏÁÏ¡Ï▒ϺÏí Ϻ┘äÏ╣Ï▒Ϻ┘é..
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